#Family ncbi-cdd cazy-class cazy-note cazy-activities dockerin pfam00404 Cellulosome The cohesin-dockerin interaction is the crucial interaction for complex formation in the cellulosome cohesin pfam00963 Cellulosome The cohesin-dockerin interaction is the crucial interaction for complex formation in the cellulosome SLH pfam00395 Cellulosome S-layer homology domain, anchoring cellulosome onto the bacterial cell surfaces CBM30 pfam02927 CBM Formerly known as X7 modules. Binding to cellulose has been demonstrated for the N-terminal module of Fibrobacter succinogenes CelF. GH22 pfam00062 GH Related a-lactalbumins are not included here lysozyme type C (EC 3.2.1.17); lysozyme type i (EC 3.2.1.17); alpha-lactalbumin GT7 pfam02709 GT lactose synthase (EC 2.4.1.22); beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38); N-acetyllactosamine synthase (EC 2.4.1.90); beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); xylosylprotein beta-4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.133) GT48 pfam02364 GT 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34) CBM40 pfam02973 CBM Modules of approx. 200 residues, found at the N-terminus of GH33 sialidases. Can also be found inserted in the beta-propeller of GH33 sialidases. The sialic acid binding function has been demonstrated for the N-terminal CBM40 of Vibrio cholerae sialidase (Moustafa et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279:40819-26) (PMID: 15226294). GT8 pfam01501 GT Distant similarity to family GT24 lipopolysaccharide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.44); UDP-Glc: (glucosyl)lipopolysaccharide alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase 1 (EC 2.4.1.58); glycogenin glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.186); inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase (galactinol synthase) (EC 2.4.1.123); homogalacturonan alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.43); UDP-GlcA: xylan alpha-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT1 COG1819 GT Distantly related to family GT28; several members of this family are made of two subunits (for instance Alg13 and Alg14 in Saccharomyces); the complete enzyme has been reconstituted whenever possible, and appears with the two subunit names separated by a + sign and with the N-terminal subunit followed by the C-terminal one UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17); 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.45); N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.47); flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.91); indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.121); sterol glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.173); ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); zeatin O-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.203); zeatin O-beta-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.40); limonoid glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.210); sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.120); anthocyanin 3-O-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.115); dTDP-beta-2-deoxy-L-fucose: alpha-L-2-deoxyfucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-beta-L-rhamnose: alpha-L-rhamnosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-glucose: 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.194); flavonol L-rhamnosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.159); salicylic acid beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH18 pfam00704 GH Contains chitinases of classes III and V. Contains non-catalytic proteins such as xylanase inhibitor; concanavalin B; narbonin chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14); endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.96); xylanase inhibitor; concanavalin B; narbonin PL9 self-built PL pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2); exopolygalacturonate lyase (EC 4.2.2.9); thiopeptidoglycan lyase (EC 4.2.2.-). CBM48 pfam02922 CBM Modules of approx. 100 residues with glycogen-binding function, appended to GH13 modules. Also found in the beta subunit (glycogen-binding) of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) GH45 pfam02015 GH formerly known as cellulase family K; distantly related to plant expansins endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) CBM32 pfam00754 CBM Formerly known as X56 modules. Distantly related to CBM6 modules and to Anguilla anguilla agglutinin. Binding to galactose and lactose has been demonstrated for the module of Micromonospora viridifaciens sialidase (PMID: 16239725). Binding to polygalacturonic acid has been shown for a Yersinia member (PMID: 17292916). Binding to LacNAc (beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine) has been shown for an N-acetylglucosaminidase from Clostridium perfingens (PMID: 16990278). GH25 pfam01183 GH lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) PL8 pfam02278 PL hyaluronate lyase (EC 4.2.2.1); chondroitin AC lyase (EC 4.2.2.5); xanthan lyase (EC 4.2.2.12); chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.20) GH34 pfam00064 GH sialidase or neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) GT2 pfam00535 GT Distant similarity to families GT12, GT21, GT27, GT55, GT81 etc. cellulose synthase (EC 2.4.1.12); chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16); dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.83); dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.117); N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); hyaluronan synthase (EC 2.4.1.212); chitin oligosaccharide synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); beta-1,3-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34); beta-1,4-mannan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); beta-mannosylphosphodecaprenol�mannooligosaccharide alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.199); alpha-1,3-L-rhamnosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) CBM13 pfam00652 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family XIII (CBD XIII). Modules of approx. 150 residues which always appear as a threefold internal repeat. The only apparent exception to this, xylanase II of Actinomadura sp. FC7 (GenBank U08894), is in fact not completely sequenced. These modules were first identified in several plant lectins such as ricin or agglutinin of Ricinus communis which bind galactose residues. The three-dimensional structure of a plant lectin has been determined and displays a pseudo-threefold symmetry in accord with the observed sequence threefold repeat. These modules have since been found in a number of other proteins of various functions including glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases. While in the plant lectins this module binds mannose, binding to xylan has been demonstrated in the Streptomyces lividans xylanase A and arabinofuranosidase B. Binding to GalNAc has been shown for the corresponding module of GalNAc transferase 4. For the other proteins, the binding specificity of these modules has not been established. The pseudo three-fold symmetry of the CBM13 module has now been confirmed in the 3-D structure of the intact, two-domain, xylanase of Streptomyces olivaceoviridis. GH38 pfam01074 GH alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) ; mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,3-1,6-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.114); mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,3-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) CBM6 pfam03422 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family VI (CBD VI). Modules of approx. 120 residues. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in one case on amorphous cellulose and beta-1,4-xylan. Some of these modules also bind beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,3-1,4-glucan, and beta-1,4-glucan. PL12 pfam07940 PL heparin-sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.8) GH23 cd00254 GH Corresponds to family 1 of the peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases described by N.T. Blackburn and A.J. Clarke (2001) J. Mol. Evol. 52, 78-84; Note that 'peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases' cleave peptidoglycan without intervention of a water molecule. lysozyme type G (EC 3.2.1.17); peptidoglycan lyase (EC 4.2.2.-) also known in the literature as peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase GH16 cd00413 GH xyloglucan:xyloglucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.207); keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.103); endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39); endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6); licheninase (EC 3.2.1.73); beta-agarase (EC 3.2.1.81); kappa;-carrageenase (EC 3.2.1.83); xyloglucanase (EC 3.2.1.151) CBM35 pfam03422 CBM Modules of approx. 130 residues. A module that is conserved in three Cellvibrio xylan-degrading enzymes binds to xylan and the interaction is calcium dependent, while a module from a Cellvibrio mannanase binds to decorated soluble mannans and mannooligosaccharides. A module in a CBM1 pfam00734 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family I (CBD I). Modules of approx. 40 residues found almost exclusively in fungi. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in many cases, and appears to be mediated by three aromatic residues separated by about 10.4 angstrom and which form a flat surface. The only non-fungal occurence of CBM1 is in an algal non-hydrolytic polysaccharide-binding protein which is composed of four repeated CBM1 modules. Binding to chitin has been demonstrated in one case. GT90 smart00672 GT Created from Klutts, Levery and Doering (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:17890-17899 (PMID: 17430900) UDP-Xyl: (mannosyl) glucuronoxylomannan/galactoxylomannan beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GH36 COG3345 GH Mechanistic commonality with family GH27 demonstrated by Comfort et al. (2007) Biochemistry, 46: 3319-3330 (PMID: 17323919) alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49); stachyose synthase (EC 2.4.1.67); raffinose synthase (EC 2.4.1.82) GH56 pfam01630 GH hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35); chondroitin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-) PL14 self-built PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3); exo-oligoalginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.-); beta-1,4-glucuronan lyase (EC 4.2.2.14) GH83 pfam00423 GH neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) GT31 pfam01762 GT N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.149); Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.122); fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); globotriosylceramide beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.79); chondroitin synthase (beta-1,3-GlcUA and beta-1,4-GalNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.175); chondroitin beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.226); chondroitin beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GH54 pfam09206 GH alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37). GT13 pfam03071 GT alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.101) GH27 pfam02065 GH Mechanistic commonality with family GH36 demonstrated by Comfort et al. (2007) Biochemistry 46:3319-3330 (PMID: 17323919). alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49); isomalto-dextranase (EC 3.2.1.94); beta-L-arabinopyranosidase (EC 3.2.1.88) CE10 COG0657 CE WARNING: because the vast majority (if not all) of the members of this family are esterases acting on non-carbohydrate substrates, the information on this page is no longer updated (August 2002). arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.-); carboxyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.3); acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7); cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8); sterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13); brefeldin A esterase (EC 3.1.1.-). GT61 pfam04577 GT beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.38) GH50 self-built GH beta-agarase (EC 3.2.1.81). GH35 pfam01301 GH beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23); exo-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.165) GT10 pfam00852 GT galactoside alpha-1,3/1,4-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.65); galactoside alpha-1,3-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.152); glycoprotein alpha-1,3-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.214) GT4 pfam00534 GT sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13); sucrose-phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14); alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.52); lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.56); GDP-Man alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.157); diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase (EC 2.4.1.208); digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (EC 2.4.1.141); trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.231); phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.57); UDP-Gal alpha-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-Xyl alpha-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) CBM25 pfam03423 CBM Formerly known as X5 modules; structurally related to CBM26 modules Starch-binding function demonstrated in one case. GH5 pfam00150 GH formerly known as cellulase family A; Following a recent paper by St John et al. (FEBS Letters, 2010, in press) several GH5 subfamilies have been reassigned to GH30. chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132); beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25); Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4); glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58); licheninase (EC 3.2.1.73); glucan endo-1,6-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.75); mannan endo-beta-1,4-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.78); endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); cellulose beta-1,4-cellobiosidase (EC 3.2.1.91); beta-1,3-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.-); xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.151); mannan transglycosylase (EC 2.4.1.-); endo-beta-1,6-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.164) GH43 pfam04616 GH beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); beta-1,3-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.-); alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.99); xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.145) GT84 pfam10091 GT Distantly related to family GT2; created after Ciocchini et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16:679-691 (PMID: 16603625) cyclic beta-1,2-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); GH13 pfam00128 GH New: many members have been assigned to subfamilies as described by Stam et al. (2006) Protein Eng Des Sel. 19, 555-562 (PMID: 17085431) alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41); cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19); cyclomaltodextrinase (EC 3.2.1.54); trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.93); oligo-alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10); maltogenic amylase (EC 3.2.1.133); neopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.135); alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20); maltotetraose-forming alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.60); isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68); glucodextranase (EC 3.2.1.70); maltohexaose-forming alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.98); maltotriose-forming alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.116); branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18); trehalose synthase (EC 5.4.99.16); 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25); maltopentaose-forming alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.-) ; amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4) ; sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7); malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.141); isomaltulose synthase (EC 5.4.99.11); amino acid transporter. GH74 smart00602 GH endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); oligoxyloglucan reducing end-specific cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.150); xyloglucanase (EC 3.2.1.151) CE6 pfam03629 CE acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72). GH42 pfam02449 GH Identification of the catalytic residues in doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.053 beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) GH108 pfam05838 GH Created after Emina A. Stojkoviae and Lucia B. Rothman-Denes (2007) J. Mol. Biol. 366:406-419. PMID:17174325 N-acetylmuramidase (EC 3.2.1.17) GT27 cd02510 GT Distant similarity to families GT2, GT12 and GT21 polypeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.41) CBM5 pfam02839 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family V (CBD V). Modules of approx. 60 residues found in bacterial enzymes. Chitin-binding described in several cases. Distantly related to the CBM12 family. GT3 pfam05693 GT glycogen synthase (EC 2.4.1.11). GT6 pfam03414 GT alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.87); alpha-1,3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.40); alpha-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.37); globoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.88). GH79 self-built GH beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31); beta-4-O-methyl-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.-); heparanase (EC 3.2.1.-); baicalin beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.167) CBM21 pfam03370 CBM Modules of approx. 100 residues. The granular starch-binding function has been demonstrated in one case. Sometimes designated as starch-binding domains (SBD). GT32 pfam04488 GT alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); alpha-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); GH63 PRK10137 GH processing alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.106); alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84); alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) GT11 pfam01531 GT GDP-L-Fuc: galactoside alpha-1,2-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.69); GDP-L-Fuc: beta-LacNac alpha-1,3-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT67 PTZ00210 GT Activity shown by Dobson et al. (2003) J Biol Chem. 278:15523-15531 UDP-Gal: phosphoglycan betalpha-1,3 galactosyltransferase 1 (SCG1) (EC 2.4.1.-) GH26 pfam02156 GH formerly known as cellulase family I. beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78); beta-1,3-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.32) CBM33 pfam03067 CBM Binding to chitin has been demonstrated in several cases and binding to chitosan descibed in a single case. GH28 pfam00295 GH polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15); exo-polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.67); exo-polygalacturonosidase (EC 3.2.1.82); rhamnogalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.-); endo-xylogalacturonan hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-); rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.40) GT25 pfam01755 GT lipopolysaccharide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); beta-1,3-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); beta-1,2-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); beta-1,2-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH73 pfam01832 GH The 3-D structure of Sphingomonas sp. strain A1 FlgJ protein of this family has recently been solved (Hashimotoa et al., BBRC 2009, in press); there is only one, unconfirmed, report of b-1,4-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase (EC 3.2.1.17) activity peptidoglycan hydrolase with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase specificity (EC 3.2.1.-) GH33 cd00260 GH sialidase or neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18); trans-sialidase (EC 2.4.1.-); 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid sialidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH55 self-built GH exo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.58); endo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39). GH6 pfam01341 GH formerly known as cellulase family B. The cellobiohydrolases of this family are widely believed to act processively from the non-reducing ends of cellulose chains to generate cellobiose. endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91) CBM14 pfam01607 CBM Modules of approx. 70 residues. The chitin-binding function has been demonstrated in several cases. These modules are found attached to a number of chitinase catalytic domains, but also in non-catalytic proteins either in isolation or as multiple repeats. GH10 pfam00331 GH formerly known as cellulase family F. endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); endo-1,3-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.32) CE4 pfam01522 CE acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41); chitooligosaccharide deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-); peptidoglycan GlcNAc deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-); peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-). PL1 smart00656 PL pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2); exo-pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.9); pectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10). CBM3 pfam00942 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family III (CBD III). Modules of approx. 150 residues found in bacterial enzymes. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in many cases. In one instance binding to chitin has been reported. GH3 pfam00933 GH beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52); glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58); glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.74); exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.-); alphalpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55). GT28 pfam04101 GT Distantly related to family GT1 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.46); 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.157); UDP-GlcNAc: Und-PP-MurAc-pentapeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.227). GT30 pfam04413 GT These enzymes use a nucleotide monophosphosugar as the donor (CMP-b-KDO) instead of a nucleotide diphosphosugar CMP-beta-KDO: alpha-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic-acid (KDO) transferase (EC 2.4.99.-). GH32 pfam00251 GH invertase (EC 3.2.1.26); endo-inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7); beta-2,6-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.64); endo-levanase (EC 3.2.1.65); exo-inulinase (EC 3.2.1.80); fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase/1-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.153); fructan beta-(2,6)-fructosidase/6-exohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.154); sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99); fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.100); sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.10); fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.243); levan fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT29 pfam00777 GT These enzymes use CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminate as the sugar donor sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.-); beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1); alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.3); beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.4); N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.6); (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.7); alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.8); lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.9). CBM18 smart00270 CBM Modules of approx. 40 residues. The chitin-binding function has been demonstrated in many cases. These modules are found attached to a number of chitinase catalytic domains, but also in non-catalytic proteins either in isolation or as multiple repeats. CBM34 cd02857 CBM Formerly known as X21 modules. Modules of approx. 120 residues. Granular starch-binding function has been demonstrated in the case of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 1 (TVAI). GT47 pfam03016 GT The long animal heparan synthases are made of two domains. The N-terminal domain, which adds b-1,4-GlcA residues, belongs to family GT47 while the C-terminal domain, which adds a-1,4-GlcNAc residues, belongs to family GT64. The plant homologs, which have a single domain, display various specificities ranging from xyloglucan b-galactosyltransferase to a pectin b-glucuronyltransferase and arabinan a-L-arabinosyltransferase. heparan beta-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.225); xyloglucan beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); heparan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); arabinan alphalpha-L-arabinosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-). GT26 pfam03808 GT UDP-ManNAcA: beta-N-acetyl mannosaminuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-ManNAc: beta-N-acetyl-mannosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-Glc: beta-1,4-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GH2 COG3250 GH beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) ; beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25); beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31); mannosylglycoprotein endo-beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.152); exo-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.165) GH12 pfam01670 GH formerly known as cellulase family H. endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); xyloglucan hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.151); beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73); xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (EC 2.4.1.207) GT14 pfam02485 GT beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.102); N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.150); protein O-beta-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.26) GH102 pfam03562 GH Corresponds to family 2 of the peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases described by N.T. Blackburn and A.J. Clarke (2001) J. Mol. Evol. 52, 78-84 peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH4 pfam02056 GH The enzymes in this family display an unusual mechanism involving NAD+. maltose-6-phosphate glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.122); alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20); alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.86); alpha-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139). GT39 pfam02366 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-mannose (b-linked) as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Man: protein alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.109) GT66 pfam02516 GT These enzymes utilise an oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol as the donor Dol-PP-alpha-oligosaccharide: protein beta-oligosaccharyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.119) CBM43 pfam07983 CBM Created after Barral, Suarez, Batanero, Alfonso, Alche, Rodríguez-García, Villalba, Rivas and Rodríguez (2005) Biochem. J. 390, 77-84 (PMID: 15882149). Formerly known as X8 modules. Modules of approx. 90-100 residues found at the C-terminus of GH17 or GH72 enzymatic modules and also sometimes isolated. CBM43 modules sometimes carry a C-terminal membrane anchor. The beta-1,3-glucan binding function has been demonstrated with the olive pollen protein Ole e 10. GH11 pfam00457 GH formerly known as cellulase family G xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) CBM2 pfam00553 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family II (CBD II). Modules of approx. 100 residues and which are found in a large number of bacterial enzymes. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in many cases. Several of these modules have been shown to also bind chitin or xylan. GH8 pfam01270 GH formerly known as cellulase family D chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132); cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4); licheninase (EC 3.2.1.73); endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); reducing-end-xylose releasing exo-oligoxylanase (EC 3.2.1.156) GH20 pfam00728 GH beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52); lacto-N-biosidase (EC 3.2.1.140); beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminidase) (EC 3.2.1.-); beta-6-SO3-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GT9 pfam01075 GT lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.56); heptosyltransferase (EC 2.4.-.-). GH29 pfam01120 GH alpha-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) GH92 pfam07971 GH Asp mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113); mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,3-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.-); GH51 COG3534 GH alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) GH65 pfam03632 GH alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28); maltose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.8); trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64); kojibiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.230); trehalose-6-phosphate phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-); GT51 pfam00912 GT There are two categories of enzymes in this family : monofunctional (just the GT51 module) or bifunctional (GT51 module attached to a penicillin-binding transpeptidase module). These enzymes utilise Und-PP-MurAc-(GlcNAc)-pentapeptide as the sugar donor. murein polymerase (EC 2.4.1.129). GH17 pfam00332 GH glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39); glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58); licheninase (EC 3.2.1.73); beta-1,3-glucanosyltransglycosylase (EC 2.4.1.-). CE1 pfam00756 CE Family CE1 also contains lots of other esterases such as PHB depolymerases. acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); cinnamoyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.-); feruloyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.73); carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1); S-formylglutathione hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.12) GT35 pfam00343 GT NULL glycogen or starch phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1). GH19 cd00325 GH Contains chitinases of classes I, II, and IV. chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14). GH1 pfam00232 GH beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23); beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25); beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31); beta-D-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.38); phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.62); exo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.74); 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.85); 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.86); strictosidine beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.105); lactase (EC 3.2.1.108); amygdalin beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.117); prunasin beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.118); raucaffricine beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.125); thioglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.147); beta-primeverosidase (EC 3.2.1.149); isoflavonoid 7-O-beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.161); hydroxyisourate hydrolase (EC 3.-.-.-); beta-glycosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH15 pfam00723 GH glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3); glucodextranase (EC 3.2.1.70); alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) GT83 COG1807 GT Known sugar donors include undecaprenyl phospho-a-L-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose ; dodecaprenyl phospho-b-galacturonic acid undecaprenyl phosphate-alpha-L-Ara4N: 4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-); dodecaprenyl phosphate-beta-galacturonic acid: lipopolysaccharide core alpha-galacturonosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH77 pfam02446 GH amylomaltase or 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25) CBM50 pfam01476 CBM Also known as LysM domains Modules of approx. 50 residues found attached to various enzymes from families GH18, GH19, GH23, GH24, GH25 and GH73, i.e. enzymes cleaving either chitin or peptidoglycan. Binding to chitopentaose demonstrated in the case of Pteris ryukyuensis chitinase A [Ohnuma T et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:5178-87 (PMID: 18083709)]. CBM50 modules are also found in a multitude of other enzymes targeting the petidoglycan such as peptidases and amidases. These enzymes are not reported in the list below. CE9 cd00854 CE N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.25); N-acetylgalactosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.80). GH31 pfam01055 GH alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20); alpha-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.84); sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48) (EC 3.2.1.10); alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.-); alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13); isomaltosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GT5 cd03791 GT UDP-Glc: glycogen glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.11); ADP-Glc: starch glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.21); NDP-Glc: starch glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.242); UDP-Glc: alpha-1,3-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.183) UDP-Glc: alpha-1,4-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-) PL7 pfam08787 PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3); alpha-L-guluronate lyase (EC 4.2.2.11) PL6 self-built PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3); chondroitinase B (EC 4.2.2.4). PL5 pfam05426 PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). PL4 self-built PL rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.-). PL3 pfam03211 PL pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2). PL22 TIGR02800 PL Structure:function relationships and mechanistic investigation by Abbott et al. (2010) PMID - 20851883 oligogalacturonate lyase / oligogalacturonide lyase (EC 4.2.2.6) PL21 pfam07940 PL heparin lyase II enzymes have simultaneously heparin lyase (heparin lyase I) and heparin-sulfate lyase (heparin lyase III) activity ; distantly related to family PL15; heparin lyase (EC 4.2.2.7); heparin-sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.8); acharan-sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.-) PL20 self-built PL Created after paper by Konno et al. (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75(1):101-7 (PMID: 18978091) endo-beta-1,4-glucuronan lyase (EC 4.2.2.14) PL2 pfam06917 PL pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2); exo-polygalacturonate lyase (EC 4.2.2.9). PL18 pfam08787 PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). PL17 pfam07940 PL alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). PL16 pfam07212 PL Formerly known as glycoside hydrolase family GH69; assigned to a PL family following papers by Baker, J. R., Dong, S. and Pritchard, D. G. (2002) Biochem J 365, 317-322 and Smith et al (2005) PNAS 102: 17652-17657. hyaluronan lyase (EC 4.2.2.1). PL15 pfam07940 PL oligo-alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.-) PL13 self-built PL heparin lyase (EC 4.2.2.7) PL11 self-built PL rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.-); exo-unsaturated rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.-) PL10 pfam09492 PL pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) GT92 pfam01697 GT Created from Tiz et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284(52):36223-33 (PMID:19858195) UDP-Gal: N-glycan core alpha-1,6-fucoside beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-Gal: beta-galactoside beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT91 pfam12141 GT Created from Mille et al. (2008) J Biol Chem. 283, 9724-9736 (PMID: 18234669) beta-1,2-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT89 self-built GT These enzymes use b-D-arabinofuranosyl-1-monophosphoryldecaprenol as the sugar donor; created after Seidel et al., J Biol Chem. 282:14729-14740 (2007) (PMID - 17387176). beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1-monophosphoryldecaprenol : arabinan beta-1,2-arabinofuranosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GT88 self-built GT created after reading Belyi et al. Infect Immun. 71 (2003) 181-186 (PMID - 12496164); mechanism shown by Belyi et al. (2009) JBC in press (PMID - 19478083) UDP-Glc: alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT87 pfam09594 GT These enzymes use polyprenol-P-mannose as the sugar donor; created after Morita, YS et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281(35):25143-55 (PMID: 16803893) polyprenol-P-Man: alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT85 pfam12250 GT These enzymes utilise b-D-arabinofuranosyl monophosphoryldecaprenol as the donor; created after reading Alderwick et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281 (2006) 15653-15661 (PMID - 16595677) beta-D-arabinofuranosyl monophosphoryldecaprenol: galactan alpha-D-arabinofuranosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GT82 pfam06306 GT Distantly related to family GT2; activity shown in Gilbert et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 327-337 UDP-GalNAc: beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT81 PRK13915 GT Created after reading Costa et al. (2006) J. Bacteriol. 188:1022-1030; updated to include mycobacterial,enzymes after reading Empadinhas et al. (2008) FEMS Microbiol Lett 280:195�202; distantly related to family GT2 NDP-Glc: glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); NDP-Man: mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); GT80 pfam11477 GT created from reading Yamamoto, Nakashizuka and Terada (1998) J Biochem (Tokyo) 123:94-100 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1); beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.4) GT79 self-built GT Created after reading Goswami et al. Glycobiology (2006) 16, 230-236 (PMID: 16272216) GDP-D-Ara: phosphoglycan alpha-1,2-D-arabinopyranosyltransferase 1 (EC 2.4.2.-) GT78 self-built GT Distant similarity to family GT2 GDP-Man: alpha-mannosyltransferase (mannosylglycerate synthase) (EC 2.4.1.-) GT77 pfam03407 GT Created from Egelund J, Skjodt M, Geshi N, Ulvskov P and Petersen BL (2004) Plant Physiol. 136:2609-2620 alpha-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.39); alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.37); arabinosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GT76 pfam04188 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-mannose as the sugar donor; created after Kang, Hong, Ashida, Shishioh, Murakami, Morita, Maeda and Kinoshita (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:9489-9497 (PMID: 15623507) Dol-P-Man: alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT75 pfam03214 GT Members of this family are often attributed EC 2.4.1.112 (forming a-bonds) despite a paper by Singh et al, FEBS Lett 376 (1995) 61-64, showing that the glucose residue is b-linked to an arginine residue UDP-Glc: self-glucosylating beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT74 self-built GT The Dictyostelium enzyme has a GT2-GT74 tandem structure while the Desulfovibrio enzyme has a GT74-GT2 tandem structure. alpha-1,2-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.69) GT73 PRK09822 GT These enzymes use a nucleotide monophosphosugar as the donor (CMP-b-KDO) instead of a nucleotide diphosphosugar CMP-beta-KDO: alpha-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic-acid (KDO) transferase (EC 2.4.99.-). GT72 pfam11440 GT UDP-Glc: DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.26) GT71 pfam11051 GT Distantly related to family GT8 alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT70 self-built GT UDP-GlcA: beta-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) GT69 pfam11735 GT Created after reading Sommer et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:47724-47730. GDP-Man: alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT68 pfam10250 GT Distantly related to families GT65, GT23, GT11; created after reading Martinez-Dunker et al. (2003) Glycobiology 13:1C-5C GDP-Fuc: protein O-alpha-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT65 pfam10250 GT Distantly related to families GT68, GT23, GT11 GDP-Fuc: protein O-alpha-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT64 pfam09258 GT The long animal heparan synthases are made of two domains. The N-terminal domain, which adds b-1,4-GlcA residues, belongs to family GT47 while the C-terminal domain, which adds a-1,4-GlcNAc residues, belongs to family GT64. The plant homologs have a single domain. UDP-GlcNAc: heparan alpha-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.224) GT63 self-built GT Exceptionally, this family was created with a single member whose 3-D structure and mechanism are well characterised UDP-Glc: DNA beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.27) GT62 pfam03452 GT alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT60 pfam11397 GT UDP-GlcNAc: polypeptide alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-GlcNAc: hydroxyproline polypeptide alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT59 pfam04922 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-glucose as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Glc: Glc2Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT58 pfam05208 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-mannose as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Man: dolichol pyrophosphate-mannose alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.130); Dol-P-Man: dolichol pyrophosphate-Man5GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.130) GT57 pfam03155 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-glucose as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Glc: alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT56 pfam07429 GT TDP-Fuc4NAc: lipid II Fuc4NAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT55 pfam09488 GT Distantly related to family GT2 GDP-Man: mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (EC 2.4.1.217) GT54 pfam04666 GT UDP-GlcNAc: alpha-1,3-D-mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.145) GT53 pfam04602 GT UDP-L-Ara: alpha-L-arabinosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GT52 pfam07922 GT alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.4); alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT50 pfam05007 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-mannose as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Man alpha-1,4-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT49 self-built GT beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GT46 self-built GT This family has been deleted until a convincing sufficient biochemical characterization is found for a member of this family Deleted GT45 pfam00535 GT alpha-N-acteylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT44 pfam04488 GT UDP-Glc: alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-GlcNAc: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GT43 pfam03360 GT beta-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.135); UDP-Xyl: xylan beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) GT42 pfam06002 GT These enzymes use CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminate as the sugar donor CMP-NeuAc alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.-) GT41 COG3914 GT UDP-GlcNAc: peptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.94) GT40 cd04186 GT These enzymes use UDP-galactofuranose as donor beta-1,3-galactofuranosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) GT38 pfam07388 GT These enzymes use CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminate as the sugar donor polysialyltransferase (EC 2.4.-.-) GT37 pfam03254 GT galactoside 2-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.69) GT34 pfam05637 GT UDP-Gal: galactomannan alpha-1,6-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); UDP-Xyl: xyloglucan alpha-1,6-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.39); alpha-1,2-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT33 cd03816 GT GDP-Man: chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.142). GT24 cd06432 GT Distant similarity to family GT8 UDP-Glc: glycoprotein alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GT23 self-built GT Distantly related to families GT65, GT68, GT11 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-1,6-L-fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.68) GT22 pfam03901 GT These enzymes use dolichol-P-mannose as the sugar donor. Dol-P-Man alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GT21 cd02520 GT Distant similarity to families GT2, GT12 and GT27 UDP-Glc: ceramide beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80). GT20 pfam00982 GT alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] (EC 2.4.1.15) GT19 pfam02684 GT lipid-A-disaccharide synthase (EC 2.4.1.182). GT18 self-built GT alpha-1,3(6)-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.155). GT17 pfam04724 GT beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.144). GT16 pfam05060 GT alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.143). GT15 pfam01793 GT glycolipid 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.131); GDP-Man: alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-). GT12 pfam00535 GT Distant similarity to families GT2, GT21 and GT27 [N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.92). GH99 self-built GH Created after Spiro, Bhoyroo and Spiro (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29356-29363 glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.130) GH98 pfam08306 GH Created after Anderson et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 2005 280: 7720-7728; PMID:15618227) endo-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH97 pfam10566 GH Created based on a paper by Hughes et al. (2003) Oral Microbiol Immunol. 18:309-312 (PMID: 12930523); *Mechanistic and structural elucidation by Gloster et al. (2008) Chem. Biol., Oct 8 (PMID:18848471); the inverting a-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) could be renamed glucoamylases (EC 3.2.1.3 according to Kitamura et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem., Nov 3 (PMID:18981178) alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20); alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) GH96 self-built GH alpha-agarase (EC 3.2.1.158) GH95 self-built GH Created based on a paper by Katayama, Sakuma, Kimura, Makimura, Hiratake, Sakata, Yamanoi, Kumagai, and Yamamoto (J. Bacteriol. 2004 Aug;186(15):4885-4893) alpha-1,2-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.63); alpha-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) GH94 COG3459 GH Formerly known as glycosyltransferase family GT36; Assigned to a GH family following a paper by Hidaka, Honda, Kitaoka, Nirasawa, Hayashi, Wakagi, Shoun and Fushinobu (Structure (Camb). 2004 Jun;12(6):937-947) (PMID: 15274915) that revealed the evolutionary, structural and mechanistic relationship of these phosphorylases with glycoside hydrolases of clan GH-L. cellobiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.20); cellodextrin phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.49); chitobiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-); cyclic beta-1,2-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH93 self-built GH exo-alpha-L-1,5-arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH91 self-built GH Was temporarily changed into PL19 until it was recently realized that these "PLs" are analogous to GH23 SLTs/lysozymes (there is at least one hydrolase in the GH91 family) and therefore are better classified in the GH category. See CAZypedia (below) for more. inulin lyase [DFA-I-forming] (EC 4.2.2.17); inulin lyase [DFA-III-forming] (EC 4.2.2.18); dIota;-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3' dianhydride hydrolase [DFA-IIIase] (EC 3.2.1.-) GH90 pfam09251 GH endorhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH9 pfam00759 GH formerly known as cellulase family E. endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91); beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); exo-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.165) GH89 pfam05089 GH alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.50) GH88 pfam07470 GH d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH87 self-built GH mycodextranase (EC 3.2.1.61); alpha-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.59) GH86 self-built GH beta-agarase (EC 3.2.1.81) GH85 pfam03644 GH endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.96) GH84 pfam07555 GH Mechanism shown in Macauley et al. (2005) JBC 280:25313-25322 N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52); hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35) GH82 COG5434 GH Iota;-carrageenase (EC 3.2.1.157) GH81 pfam03639 GH endo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) GH80 cd00978 GH chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132) GH78 pfam05592 GH alpha-L-rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40) GH76 pfam03663 GH alpha-1,6-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.101) GH75 pfam07335 GH chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132) GH72 pfam03198 GH beta-1,3-glucanosyltransglycosylase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH71 pfam03659 GH alpha-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.59). GH70 pfam02324 GH dextransucrase (EC 2.4.1.5); alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140); reuteransucrase (EC 2.4.1.-); alpha-4,6-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH7 pfam00840 GH formerly known as cellulase family C. The cellobiohydrolases of this family act processively from the reducing ends of cellulose chains to generate cellobiose. This is markedly different from the IUBMB definition of cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91), which act from the non-reducing ends of cellulose. endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); [reducing end-acting] cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-); chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132); endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) GH68 pfam02435 GH levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10); beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26); inulosucrase (EC 2.4.1.9). GH67 COG3661 GH alpha-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139); xylan alpha-1,2-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.131) GH66 self-built GH cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11). GH64 self-built GH beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39). GH62 pfam03664 GH alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) GH61 pfam03443 GH The enzymes in this family were originally classified as a glycoside hydrolase family based on measurement of very weak endo-1,4-b-D-glucanase activity in one family member. The structure and mode of action of these enzymes are certainly non-canonical and they cannot be considered as bona fide glycosidases. However, they are kept in the CAZy classification on the basis of their capacity to enhance the breakdown of lignocellulose when used in conjunction with a cellulase or a mixture of cellulases. endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) GH59 pfam02057 GH galactocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.46) GH58 pfam12217 GH endo-N-acetylneuraminidase or endo-sialidase (EC 3.2.1.129) GH57 pfam03065 GH alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25); alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); amylopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41); branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18) GH53 pfam07745 GH endo-beta-1,4-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89). GH52 pfam03512 GH beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37). GH49 pfam03718 GH dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11); isopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.57); dextran 1,6-alpha-isomaltotriosidase (EC 3.2.1.95). GH48 pfam02011 GH formerly known as cellulase family L. Some cellobiohydrolases of this family have been reported to act from the reducing ends of cellulose (EC 3.2.1.-), while others have been reported to operate from the non-reducing ends to liberate cellobiose or cellotriose or cellotetraose (EC 3.2.1.-). This family also contains endo-processive cellulases (EC 3.2.1.-), whose activity is hard to distinguish from that of cellobiohydrolases. endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14); cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91); endo-processive cellulases (EC 3.2.1.-); [reducing end] cellobiohydrolase (3.2.1.-) GH47 pfam01532 GH alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113) GH46 cd00978 GH chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132) GH44 self-built GH formerly known as cellulase family J. Note that the stereochemistry of the reaction has recently been corrected : Kitago et al., J. Biol. Chem. 282(2007)35703-11 (PMID: 17905739) endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); xyloglucanase (EC 3.2.1.151) GH39 self-built GH alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37). GH37 pfam01204 GH alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). GH30 COG5520 GH Following a recent paper by St John et al. (FEBS Letters, 2010, in press) several GH5 subfamilies have been reassigned to GH30. The subfamilies in GH30 are now indicated. glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45); beta-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.38); beta-glucosidase (3.2.1.21); endo-beta-1,6-galactanase (EC:3.2.1.164) GH24 cd00737 GH lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) GH14 pfam01373 GH beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) GH125 pfam06824 GH Created after Gregg, Zandberg, Hehemann, Whitworth, Deng, Vocadlo Boraston (2011) J. Biol. Chem., in press exo-alpha-1,6-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH124 GH124 GH Created after Bras et al. (2011) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA; distantly related to lytic transglycosylases of family GH23 endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) GH123 self-built GH Created after Sumida T, Fujimoto K, Ito M. (2011) J Biol Chem. in press [PMID: 21297160] glycosphingolipid beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH122 COG4697 GH Created after Confort et al. (2008) Appl Environ Microbiol. 74(4):1281-3 PMID:18156337 alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) GH121 self-built GH Created after Fujita et al. (2010) JBC, in press, PMID:21149454 beta-L-arabinobiosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH120 pfam07602 GH created after Shao W, Xue Y, Wu A, Kataeva I, Pei J, Wu H, Wiegel J (2010) Characterization of a novel beta-xylosidase XylC from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (in press) beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) GH119 self-built GH Distantly related to family GH57; created after Watanabe H, Nishimoto T, Kubota M, Chaen H, Fukuda S. (2006) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006 Nov;70(11):2690-702 [PMID - 17090949] alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) GH118 self-built GH beta-agarase (EC 3.2.1.81) GH117 pfam04616 GH Distantly related to family GH43 alpha-1,3-L-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-); alpha-1,3-L-neoagarobiase / neoagarobiose hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH116 pfam04685 GH acid beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.45); beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) GH115 self-built GH created from reading Ryabova et al. (2009) FEBS Lett. in press xylan alpha-1,2-glucuronidase (3.2.1.131); alpha-(4-O-methyl)-glucuronidase (3.2.1.-) GH114 pfam03537 GH Activity shown in Tamura et al. (1995) Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 80:305-310 doi:10.1016/0922-338X(95)94196-X endo-alpha-1,4-polygalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.109) GH113 self-built GH Created based on Zhang et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283, 31551-31558 (PMID:18755688) beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) GH112 pfam09508 GH lacto-N-biose phosphorylase or galacto-N-biose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.211); D-galactosyl-1,4-L-rhamnose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-) GH111 self-built GH keratan sulfate hydrolase (endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) (EC 3.2.1.-) GH110 self-built GH Created following Liu et al. (2007) Nature Biotechnol 25:454-64 (PMID: 17401360); mechanism described by Liu et al. (PMID: 18227066) alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); alpha-1,3-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH109 pfam01408 GH Created following Liu et al. (2007) Nature Biotechnol 25:454-64 (PMID: 17401360); the enzymes in this family display an unusual mechanism involving NAD+ alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) GH107 self-built GH Created after Colin et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16, 1021-1032 sulfated fucan endo-1,4-fucanase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH106 self-built GH Created after reading Miyata et al (2005) Curr Microbiol. 51:105-109 alpha-L-rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40) GH105 pfam07470 GH Created based on a paper by Itoh, Ochiai, Mikami, Hashimoto, and Murata (J. Mol. Biol. 360 (2006) 573-585) (PMID: 16781735) unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH104 cd00736 GH Corresponds to family 4 of the peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases described by N.T. Blackburn and A.J. Clarke (2001) J. Mol. Evol. 52, 78-84 peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH103 TIGR02283 GH Corresponds to family 3 of the peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases described by N.T. Blackburn and A.J. Clarke (2001) J. Mol. Evol. 52, 78-84 peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase (EC 3.2.1.-) GH101 self-built GH Created after Fujita et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:37415-37422 (PMID: 16141207); catalytic residue determination : Willis et al. (2009) Biochemistry 48:10334-41 (PMID: 19788271) endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.97) GH100 pfam04853 GH Created from Gallagher and Pollock (1998) J Exp Bot 322:789-795 and Sturm et al. (1999) Physiol Plantarum 107:159-165 alkaline and neutral invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) CE8 pfam01095 CE pectin methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.11). CE7 pfam05448 CE acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); cephalosporin-C deacetylase (EC 3.1.1.41). CE5 pfam01083 CE There are many cutinases in the databanks. Only an example is given here as cutinases act on cutin rather than on carbohydrate esters. acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); cutinase (EC 3.1.1.74) CE3 cd01833 CE acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72). CE2 cd01831 CE acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72). CE16 cd01846 CE Formerly known as X125 modules; created from Li et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74:7482-7489 (PMID: 18978092) acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6) active on various carbohydrate acetyl esters CE15 self-built CE Formerly known as X100 modules; Created following a paper by Xin-Liang Li et al. (2007) FEBS Letters 581(21):4029-35 (PMID: 17678650). 4-O-methyl-glucuronoyl methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.-) CE14 pfam02585 CE N-acetyl-1-D-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.89); diacetylchitobiose deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-); mycothiol S-conjugate amidase (EC 3.5.1.-) CE13 pfam03283 CE pectin acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.-) CE12 cd01821 CE pectin acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.-); rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.-); acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72) CE11 pfam03331 CE UDP-3-0-acyl N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-). CBM9 pfam06452 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family IX (CBD IX). Modules of approx. 170 residues found so far only in xylanases. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in one case. CBM8 self-built CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family VIII (CBD VIII). The cellulose-binding module from a cellulase of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has been experimentally shown to bind cellulose. CBM62 self-built CBM Created after Montanier et al. (2011) JBC, in press (doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.217372) The CBM62 module od Clostridium thermocellum Cthe_2193 protein binds galactose moieties found on xyloglucan, arabinogalactan and galactomannan. CBM61 self-built CBM Family created after Cid et al. (2010) [PMID: 20826814] Modules of approx. 150 residues found appended to GH16, GH30, GH31, GH43, GH53 and GH66 catalytic domains. A beta-1,4-galactan binding function has been demonstrated for the CBM60 of Thermotoga maritima GH53 galactanase [PMID: 20826814]. CBM60 self-built CBM Family created after Montanier et al. (2010) [PMID: 20659893] Modules of approx 120 residues usually found appended to xylanases. The xylan-binding function and the relatedness (circular permutation) to family CBM36 has been demonstrated [PMID: 20659893]. CBM59 self-built CBM Binding to mannan, xylan, and cellulose demonstrated for the CBM59 of ManF-X10 xylanase from an environmental genomic DNA library (Li et al. (2009) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 25:2071-2078; doi:10.1007/s11274-009-0111-6) CBM58 self-built CBM The CBM58 module of the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron SusG protein has been shown to bind maltoheptaose CBM57 pfam11721 CBM Created from reading Schallus et al (2008) Mol Biol Cell. 19:3404-3414 [PMID: 18524852] and finding related domains attached to various glycosidases. CBM56 self-built CBM beta-1,3-glucan binding function demonstrated by Yamamoto et al. (1998) FEBS Letters 433:41-43 [PMID: 9738929] CBM55 self-built CBM Binding to chitin demonstrated in the case of the CBM55 of Entamoeba histolytica chitinase (Van Dellen et al. (2002) Infect Immun. 70:3259–3263; PMID: 12011021). CBM54 self-built CBM Binding to xylan, yeast cell wall glucan and chitin shown in Dvortsov et al., Microbiology UK (2009) in press. CBM53 pfam03423 CBM Starch-binding demonstrated in one case. Starch-binding function demonstrated by Valdez et al. (2008) [PMID: 18260645] CBM52 pfam10645 CBM Modules of approx. 60 residues attached to a few GH81 enzymes but present in other proteins. Binding to beta-1,3-glucan demonstrated for Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h- endo-1,3-beta-glucanase Eng1 [Martin-Quadrado et al., Mol. Microbiol. (2008) 69:188-200 PMID:18466295] CBM51 pfam08305 CBM Also know as NPCBM domains Modules of approx. 150 residues found attached to various enzymes from families GH2, GH27, GH31, GH95, GH98 and GH101 . Binding to galactose and to blood group A/B-antigens demonstrated in the case of C. perfringens GH95CBM51 and GH98CBM51 respectively [Gregg KJ et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:12604-13 PMID: 18292090]. CBM49 pfam09478 CBM Created after Urbanowicz et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:12066-74 (PMID: 17322304) Modules of approx. 100 residues found at the C-terminus of plant GH9 enzymes. Distantly related to CBM2 modules. Binding to crystalline cellulose demonstrated in the case of Solanum lycopersicum Cel8 enzyme (SlCel9C1). CBM47 pfam00754 CBM Created from Boraston, Wang and Burke (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281:35263-71 (PMID: 16987809) Modules of approx 150 residues. Fucose-binding activity demonstrated CBM46 pfam03442 CBM Created from Wamalwa BM, Sakka M, Shiundu PM, Ohmiya K, Kimura T, Sakka K (2006) Appl Environ Microbiol 72:6851-6853 (PMID: 16950908) Modules of approx. 100 residues, found at the C-terminus of several GH5 cellulases. Cellulose-binding function demonstrated in one case. CBM45 self-built CBM Created following Mikkelsen, Suszkiewicz and Blennow (2006) Biochemistry 45:4674-82 (PMID: 16584202). Modules of approx. 100 residues, found at the N-terminus of plastidial alpha-amylases and of alpha-glucan, water dikinases. Starch-binding activity demonstrated in the case of potato alpha-glucan, water dikinase. CBM44 pfam00801 CBM Created after Najmudin et al. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) 281:8815-8828 (PMID: 16314409) The C-terminal CBM44 module of the Clostridium thermocellum enzyme has been demonstrated to bind equally well cellulose and xyloglucan CBM42 pfam05270 CBM Created following a paper by Miyanaga A, Koseki T, Matsuzawa H, Wakagi T, Shoun H, Fushinobu S (2004) J.Biol. Chem. 279:44907-44914 (PMID: 15292273) Modules of approx. 160 residues found mostly at the C-terminus of GH54 catalytic domains. Binding to arabinofuranose (present in arabinoxylan) has been demonstrated. CBM41 pfam03714 CBM Formerly known as X28 modules. Modules of approx. 100 residues found in primarily in bacterial pullulanases. The N-terminal module from Thermotoga maritima Pul13 has been shown to bind to the alpha-glucans amylose, amylopectin, pullulan, and oligosaccharide fragments derived from these polysaccharides (Lammerts van Bueren et al. (2004) Biochemistry 43:15633-42) (PMID: 15581376). CBM4 pfam02018 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family IV (CBD IV). Modules of approx. 150 residues found in bacterial enzymes. Binding of these modules has been demonstrated with xylan, beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,3-1,4-glucan, beta-1,6-glucan and amorphous cellulose but not with crystalline cellulose. CBM39 self-built CBM Formerly known as X67 modules. Modules generally found at the N-terminus of a GH16 module (itself frequently lacking a catalytic machinery) and more seldomly in isolation. The beta-1,3-glucan binding function has been demonstrated, along with binding to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. CBM38 self-built CBM Formerly known as X39 modules. The inulin-binding function has been demonstrated in the case of the cycloinulo-oligosaccharide fructanotransferase from Paenibacillus macerans (Bacillus macerans) by Lee et al. (2004) FEMS Microbiol Lett 234:105-10. (PMID:15109727). CBM37 smart00060 CBM Formerly known as X94 modules. Modules of approx. 100 residues, conserved in numerous R. albus polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and other proteins from this bacterium. Several members of CBM37 have been shown to exhibit rather broad binding specificity to xylan, chitin, microcrystalline and phosphoric-acid swollen cellulose, as well as more heterogeneous substrates, such as alfalfa cell walls, banana stem and wheat straw. CBM36 pfam03422 CBM Formerly known as X9 modules Modules of approx. 120-130 residues displaying structural similarities to CBM6 modules. The only CBM36 currently characterised, that from Paenbacillus polymyxa xylanase 43A, shows calcium-dependent binding of xylans and xylooligosaccharides. X-ray crystallography shows that there is a direct interaction between calcium and ligand. CBM31 pfam11606 CBM Binding to beta-1,3-xylan has been demonstrated for the C-terminal module of the beta-1,3-xylanase of Alcaligenes sp. XY234. CBM29 self-built CBM Binding to mannan/glucomannan has been demonstrated. CBM28 pfam03424 CBM The module from the endo-1,4-glucanase of Bacillus sp. 1139 binds to non-crystalline cellulose, cellooligosaccharides, and beta-(1,3)(1,4)-glucans CBM27 pfam09212 CBM Formerly known as X11 modules Mannan-binding function demonstrated in two cases CBM26 self-built CBM Formerly known as X22 modules; structurally related to CBM25 modules Starch-binding function demonstrated in two cases. CBM24 self-built CBM Formerly known as X59 modules alpha-1,3-glucan (mutan)-binding function demonstrated in two cases (PMID:10636904) CBM23 pfam03425 CBM Mannan-binding function demonstrated in one case. CBM22 pfam02018 CBM Formerly known as X6 modules or thermostabilizing domains A xylan binding function has been demonstrated in several cases and affinity with mixed beta-1,3/beta-1,4-glucans in one. In several cases a thermostabilizing effect has also been seen. CBM20 pfam00686 CBM PDB:1b90 The granular starch-binding function has been demonstrated in several cases. Interact strongly with cyclodextrins. Often designated as starch-binding domains (SBD). CBM19 pfam03427 CBM Modules of 60-70 residues with chitin-binding function. CBM17 pfam03424 CBM Modules of approx. 200 residues. Binding to amorphous cellulose, cellooligosaccharides and derivatized cellulose has been demonstrated. CBM16 pfam02018 CBM Carbohydrate-binding module 16. Binding to cellulose and glucomannan demonstrated [B. Bae et al (2008) J Biol Chem. 283:12415-25 (PMID: 18025086)] CBM15 pfam03426 CBM Binding to xylan and xylooligosaccharides has been demonstrated in the case of Xyn10C of Cellvibrio mixtus. CBM12 pfam02839 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family XII (CBD XII). Modules of approx. 40-60 residues. The majority of these modules is found among chitinases where the function is chitin-binding. Distantly related to the CBM5 family. CBM11 pfam03425 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family XI (CBD XI). Modules of approx. 180-200 residues. The CBM11 of Clotridium thermocellum Cel26A-Cel5E has been shown to bind both beta-1,4-glucan and beta-1,3-1,4-mixed linked glucans. CBM10 pfam02013 CBM Previously known as cellulose-binding domain family X (CBD X). Modules of approx. 50 residues. The cellulose-binding function has been demonstrated in one case. Unclassified-GT0 NA GT Glycosyltransferases not yet assigned to a family Some of the proteins in this category display weak similarity to established GT families, but too distant to allow a reliable assignment; some will serve as seeds to build new families in the future. Unclassified-GH0 GH Glycoside hydrolases not yet assigned to a family. Unclassified-CE0 CE Carbohydrate esterases not yet assigned to a family. Unclassified-PL0 PL Polysaccharide lyases not yet assigned to a family. Some of the proteins in this category display weak similarity to established PL families, but too distant to allow a reliable assignment; some will serve as seeds to build new families in the future. Unclassified-CBM0 CBM Carbohydrate-binding modules not yet assigned to a family.