| PULID | Characterization Method(s) | Substrate | Organism | Publication | Publish Date | Type | Num Genes | Num CAZymes | CazyFamily |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUL0003 | RT-PCR | xylan | Bacillus subtilis | 26559526 Metabolic potential of Bacillus subtilis 168 for the direct conversion of xylans to fermentation products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Feb;100(3):1501-1510. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-7124-x. Epub 2015 Nov 12. |
2016 Feb | degradation | 2 | 2 | GH30, GH30_8, GH43_16, CBM6 |
| PUL0013 | Northern Blot, RT-PCR, isothermal titration calorimetry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay | arabinan | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 21460081 The L-Arabinan utilization system of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. J Bacteriol. 2011 Jun;193(11):2838-50. doi: 10.1128/JB.00222-11. Epub 2011 Apr 1. |
2011 Jun | degradation | 56 | 11 | GH43_5, GH43, GH43, GH43_4, GH51, GH51, GH127, CE4, GH52, GH10, GH67, GH39, GH43_11 |
| PUL0018 | rapid plate method growth assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | glycosaminoglycan | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 22311922 Streptococcus pneumoniae can utilize multiple sources of hyaluronic acid for growth. Infect Immun. 2012 Apr;80(4):1390-8. doi: 10.1128/IAI.05756-11. Epub 2012 Feb 6. |
2012 Apr | degradation | 12 | 3 | CBM70, PL8_1, PL8, GH88, PL12_1 |
| PUL0022 | RT-PCR, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay | cellobiose | Bacillus coagulans | 30519284 Simultaneous consumption of cellobiose and xylose by Bacillus coagulans to circumvent glucose repression and identification of its cellobiose-assimilating operons. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2018 Dec 1;11:320. doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1323-5. eCollection 2018. |
2018 | degradation | 6 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0023 | RT-PCR, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay | cellobiose | Bacillus coagulans | 30519284 Simultaneous consumption of cellobiose and xylose by Bacillus coagulans to circumvent glucose repression and identification of its cellobiose-assimilating operons. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2018 Dec 1;11:320. doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1323-5. eCollection 2018. |
2018 | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0027 | Northern Blot, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | alginate | Azotobacter vinelandii | 10352233 Transcriptional organization of the Azotobacter vinelandii algGXLVIFA genes: characterization of algF mutants. Gene. 1999 May 31;232(2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00119-5. |
1999 May 31 | biosynthesis | 5 | 1 | PL5_1 |
| PUL0030 | isothermal calorimetric titration, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay | galactomannan | Bacillus sp. N16-5 | 26978267, 30351049 A Novel Manno-Oligosaccharide Binding Protein Identified in Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 Is Involved in Mannan Utilization. Galactomannan Degrading Enzymes from the Mannan Utilization Gene Cluster of Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 and Their Synergy on Galactomannan Degradation. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 15;11(3):e0150059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150059. eCollection 2016. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Oct 24;66(42):11055-11063. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03878. Epub 2018 Oct 15. |
2016,2018 Oct 24 | degradation | 12 | 7 | GH130, GH130, GH27, CE7 |
| PUL0033 | RT-PCR, yeast two hybrid assay, Southern Blot | trehalose | Spiroplasma citri | 12949193 Glucose and trehalose PTS permeases of Spiroplasma citri probably share a single IIA domain, enabling the spiroplasma to adapt quickly to carbohydrate changes in its environment. Microbiology (Reading). 2003 Sep;149(Pt 9):2687-2696. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.26336-0. |
2003 Sep | degradation | 6 | 1 | GH13_29, GH13 |
| PUL0042 | RT-PCR | sucrose | Caulobacter vibrioides | 30054816 SucA-dependent uptake of sucrose across the outer membrane of Caulobacter crescentus. J Microbiol. 2018 Sep;56(9):648-655. doi: 10.1007/s12275-018-8225-x. Epub 2018 Jul 27. |
2018 Sep | degradation | 4 | 1 | GH13_4 |
| PUL0128 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | hemicellulose | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum JCM 1217 | 30635377 Two Novel alpha-l-Arabinofuranosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Belonging to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 43 Cooperatively Degrade Arabinan. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Mar 6;85(6):e02582-18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02582-18. Print 2019 Mar 15. |
2019 Mar 15 | degradation | 24 | 8 | GH43, GH43_24, GH30_5, GH30, CBM13, GH146, GH43, GH43_34, GH43_22, GH43, GH43_22, GH43_26, GH43_27, GH43, GH43_22, GH43_22 |
| PUL0151 | sequence homology analysis, Northern Blot, RT-qPCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, clone and expression, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | alginate | Zobellia galactanivorans | 30524390, 32585009 Evolutionary Evidence of Algal Polysaccharide Degradation Acquisition by Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora 9(T) to Adapt to Macroalgal Niches. Regulation of alginate catabolism involves a GntR family repressor in the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT. Front Microbiol. 2018 Nov 22;9:2740. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02740. eCollection 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Aug 20;48(14):7786-7800. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa533. |
2018,2020 Aug 20 | degradation | 12 | 2 | PL7, PL17_2, PL17 |
| PUL0166 | enzyme activity assay, RT-PCR | starch | Bacteroides fragilis | 16788175 Characterization of the primary starch utilization operon in the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis: Regulation by carbon source and oxygen. J Bacteriol. 2006 Jul;188(13):4663-72. doi: 10.1128/JB.00125-06. |
2006 Jul | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH13_10, GH13 |
| PUL0168 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | galactose | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis | 30099846 GlaR (YugA)-a novel RpiR-family transcription activator of the Leloir pathway of galactose utilization in Lactococcus lactis IL1403. Microbiologyopen. 2019 May;8(5):e00714. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.714. Epub 2018 Aug 11. |
2019 May | degradation | 9 | 1 | GH2 |
| PUL0172 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, NMR, sugar utilization assay | O-antigen | Franconibacter pulveris | 27166227 O antigen of FranconibacterpulverisG3872 (O1) is a 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose-containing polysaccharide synthesized by the ABC-transporter-dependent pathway. Microbiology (Reading). 2016 Jul;162(7):1103-1113. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000307. Epub 2016 May 10. |
2016 Jul | biosynthesis | 9 | 3 | GT2, GT2 |
| PUL0174 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay, enzymatic product analysis | starch | Kribbella flavida | 27302067 Two Novel Glycoside Hydrolases Responsible for the Catabolism of Cyclobis-(1-->6)-alpha-nigerosyl. J Biol Chem. 2016 Aug 5;291(32):16438-47. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.727305. Epub 2016 Jun 14. |
2016 Aug 5 | degradation | 3 | 2 | CBM20, GH31, CBM35, GH31 |
| PUL0176 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay, enzymatic product analysis | isomaltose | Kribbella flavida | 27302067 Two Novel Glycoside Hydrolases Responsible for the Catabolism of Cyclobis-(1-->6)-alpha-nigerosyl. J Biol Chem. 2016 Aug 5;291(32):16438-47. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.727305. Epub 2016 Jun 14. |
2016 Aug 5 | degradation | 6 | 2 | GH31, GH15 |
| PUL0186 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | cellobiose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 17028271 The two-component regulatory system TCS08 is involved in cellobiose metabolism of Streptococcus pneumoniae R6. J Bacteriol. 2007 Feb;189(4):1342-50. doi: 10.1128/JB.01170-06. Epub 2006 Oct 6. |
2007 Feb | degradation | 7 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0189 | RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, qPCR | pectin | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 26920945 Unraveling the pectinolytic function of Bacteroides xylanisolvens using a RNA-seq approach and mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 2016 Feb 27;17:147. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2472-1. |
2016 Feb 27 | degradation | 17 | 7 | GH95, GH140, CBM67, GH78, GH33, GH28, GH78, CBM67, GH43_18, GH43, PL1, CE8, PL1_2, GH92 |
| PUL0190 | RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, qPCR | pectin | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 26920945 Unraveling the pectinolytic function of Bacteroides xylanisolvens using a RNA-seq approach and mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 2016 Feb 27;17:147. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2472-1. |
2016 Feb 27 | degradation | 15 | 5 | GH51, GH146, GH43, GH43_4, GH43_4, GH51, GH43_29 |
| PUL0191 | RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, qPCR | pectin | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 26920945 Unraveling the pectinolytic function of Bacteroides xylanisolvens using a RNA-seq approach and mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 2016 Feb 27;17:147. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2472-1. |
2016 Feb 27 | degradation | 11 | 5 | GH105, CE8, CE8, CE12, CE4, PL1_2, PL1_2 |
| PUL0192 | RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, qPCR | pectin | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 26920945 Unraveling the pectinolytic function of Bacteroides xylanisolvens using a RNA-seq approach and mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 2016 Feb 27;17:147. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2472-1. |
2016 Feb 27 | degradation | 27 | 12 | GH106, GH28, GH28, CE12, GH2, GH43_18, GH43_34, GH43, CBM32, GH42, GH28, PL11, PL11_1, PL26, CE12, GH105, PL11_1, GH105 |
| PUL0193 | RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, qPCR | pectin | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 26920945 Unraveling the pectinolytic function of Bacteroides xylanisolvens using a RNA-seq approach and mutagenesis. BMC Genomics. 2016 Feb 27;17:147. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2472-1. |
2016 Feb 27 | degradation | 30 | 10 | GH2, PL11_1, PL11, GH28, GH117, PL11_1, PL11, GH28, GH105, GH28 |
| PUL0194 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | N-glycan | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 28056108 Molecular Characterization of N-glycan Degradation and Transport in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Its Contribution to Virulence. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jan 5;13(1):e1006090. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006090. eCollection 2017 Jan. |
2017 Jan | degradation | 6 | 5 | GH20, GH38, GH125, GH92, GH29 |
| PUL0195 | RT-PCR | cellobiose | Clostridium acetobutylicum | 26691835 PTS regulation domain-containing transcriptional activator CelR and sigma factor sigma(54) control cellobiose utilization in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Mol Microbiol. 2016 Apr;100(2):289-302. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13316. Epub 2016 Feb 9. |
2016 Apr | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0197 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | maltose | Streptococcus mutans | 17233733 Overlapping substrate specificity for sucrose and maltose of two binding protein-dependent sugar uptake systems in Streptococcus mutans. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Jan;266(2):218-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00522.x. |
2007 Jan | degradation | 7 | 2 | GT35, GH77 |
| PUL0206 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | mucin | Capnocytophaga canimorsus | 25736888 Glycan-foraging systems reveal the adaptation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus to the dog mouth. mBio. 2015 Mar 3;6(2):e02507. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02507-14. |
2015 Mar 3 | degradation | 8 | 1 | GH2 |
| PUL0209 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | galactan | Dickeya dadantii | 17644603 Characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi Gan locus, involved in galactan catabolism. J Bacteriol. 2007 Oct;189(19):7053-61. doi: 10.1128/JB.00845-07. Epub 2007 Jul 20. |
2007 Oct | degradation | 9 | 2 | GH42, GH53 |
| PUL0211 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, thin layer chromatography | N-glycan | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | 25586188, 25205095 The N-Glycan cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: a toolbox for sequential plant N-glycan processing. The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris exploits N-acetylglucosamine during infection. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar 6;290(10):6022-36. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.624593. Epub 2015 Jan 13. mBio. 2014 Sep 9;5(5):e01527-14. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01527-14. |
2015 Mar 6,2014 Sep 9 | degradation | 9 | 6 | GH29, GH18, GH20, GH2, GH3, GH125, GH92, GH35 |
| PUL0216 | Western Blot, enzyme activity assay, RT-PCR, microarray | alginate | Sphingomonas sp. | 24816607 Alginate-dependent gene expression mechanism in Sphingomonas sp. strain A1. J Bacteriol. 2014 Jul;196(14):2691-700. doi: 10.1128/JB.01666-14. Epub 2014 May 9. |
2014 Jul | degradation | 10 | 1 | PL7, PL5, PL15_1 |
| PUL0224 | RT-PCR, qRT-PCR | cellulose | Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum | 23418511 A two-component system (XydS/R) controls the expression of genes encoding CBM6-containing proteins in response to straw in Clostridium cellulolyticum. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56063. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056063. Epub 2013 Feb 13. |
2013 | degradation | 16 | 14 | GH43_16, GH43, CBM6, GH10, CBM6, GH43, GH43_29, CBM6, CBM6, CE1, GH43_10, CBM6, GH62, CBM6, GH43, GH43_29, CBM6, GH146, CBM22, GH27, CBM6, GH59, CBM6, GH2, CBM6, GH62, CBM6, CE6, CBM32, GH95, CBM6, GH30_8, CBM6 |
| PUL0225 | RT-PCR | porphyran | Bacteroides plebeius | 23150581 Bacteria of the human gut microbiome catabolize red seaweed glycans with carbohydrate-active enzyme updates from extrinsic microbes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 27;109(48):19786-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1211002109. Epub 2012 Nov 12. |
2012 Nov 27 | degradation | 36 | 12 | GH16, GH117, GH2, GH2, GH50, GH154, GH105, GH16, GH86, GH86, GH29, GH16, GH2 |
| PUL0229 | RT-PCR | aldouronate | Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 | 17921311 Structure, function, and regulation of the aldouronate utilization gene cluster from Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2. J Bacteriol. 2007 Dec;189(24):8863-70. doi: 10.1128/JB.01141-07. Epub 2007 Oct 5. |
2007 Dec | degradation | 8 | 3 | GH67, CBM22, GH10, GH43_12, GH43 |
| PUL0230 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay, clone, enzyme kinetic analysis, thin layer chromatography, crystallization | maltooligosaccharide | Lactobacillus acidophilus | 22685275, 32444471 Enzymology and structure of the GH13_31 glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase that confers isomaltooligosaccharide utilization in the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. An 1,4-alpha-Glucosyltransferase Defines a New Maltodextrin Catabolism Scheme in Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Bacteriol. 2012 Aug;194(16):4249-59. doi: 10.1128/JB.00622-12. Epub 2012 Jun 8. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020 Jul 20;86(15):e00661-20. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00661-20. Print 2020 Jul 20. |
2012 Aug,2020 Jul 20 | degradation | 12 | 4 | GH65, CBM34, GH13, GH13_20 |
| PUL0237 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | exopolysaccharide | Pseudomonas alkylphenolica | 24493568 An alginate-like exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster involved in biofilm aerial structure formation by Pseudomonas alkylphenolia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 May;98(9):4137-48. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5529-6. Epub 2014 Feb 4. |
2014 May | biosynthesis | 12 | 2 | PL5 |
| PUL0244 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, complementation study, substrate binding assay | sialic acid | Tannerella forsythia | 24351045 Structural and functional characterization of NanU, a novel high-affinity sialic acid-inducible binding protein of oral and gut-dwelling Bacteroidetes species. Biochem J. 2014 Mar 15;458(3):499-511. doi: 10.1042/BJ20131415. |
2014 Mar 15 | degradation | 9 | 2 | GH20, GH33 |
| PUL0245 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, Western Blot | fucose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 24333485 Structural and functional analysis of fucose-processing enzymes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Mol Biol. 2014 Apr 3;426(7):1469-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 12. |
2014 Apr 3 | degradation | 11 | 2 | GH98, CBM47, GH95 |
| PUL0246 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, Western Blot | fucose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 24333485 Structural and functional analysis of fucose-processing enzymes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Mol Biol. 2014 Apr 3;426(7):1469-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 12. |
2014 Apr 3 | degradation | 11 | 4 | GH98, CBM51, GH36, GH36, GH29 |
| PUL0247 | primer extension analysis, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | capsule polysaccharide | Vibrio vulnificus | 24102883, 16484211 Role of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in biofilm formation and regulation of CPS production by quorum-sensing in Vibrio vulnificus. Genetic variation in the Vibrio vulnificus group 1 capsular polysaccharide operon. Mol Microbiol. 2013 Nov;90(4):841-57. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12401. Epub 2013 Oct 10. J Bacteriol. 2006 Mar;188(5):1987-98. doi: 10.1128/JB.188.5.1987-1998.2006. |
2013 Nov,2006 Mar | degradation | 18 | 4 | GT4, GT4 |
| PUL0265 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | maltose, maltotriose | Staphylococcus xylosus | 7730272 Characterization of a genetic locus essential for maltose-maltotriose utilization in Staphylococcus xylosus. J Bacteriol. 1995 May;177(9):2408-15. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.9.2408-2415.1995. |
1995 May | degradation | 2 | 1 | GH13_31, GH13 |
| PUL0269 | RT-PCR | chitin | Haloferax mediterranei | 23674154 Characterization of genes for chitin catabolism in Haloferax mediterranei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Feb;98(3):1185-94. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-4969-8. Epub 2013 May 15. |
2014 Feb | degradation | 16 | 4 | GH3, CBM5, CBM5, GH18, CBM5, GH18 |
| PUL0277 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR | fructooligosaccharide | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 23264576 The ABC transporter encoded at the pneumococcal fructooligosaccharide utilization locus determines the ability to utilize long- and short-chain fructooligosaccharides. J Bacteriol. 2013 Mar;195(5):1031-41. doi: 10.1128/JB.01560-12. Epub 2012 Dec 21. |
2013 Mar | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH32 |
| PUL0278 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR | fructooligosaccharide | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 23264576 The ABC transporter encoded at the pneumococcal fructooligosaccharide utilization locus determines the ability to utilize long- and short-chain fructooligosaccharides. J Bacteriol. 2013 Mar;195(5):1031-41. doi: 10.1128/JB.01560-12. Epub 2012 Dec 21. |
2013 Mar | degradation | 6 | 1 | GH32 |
| PUL0279 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR | fructooligosaccharide | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 23264576 The ABC transporter encoded at the pneumococcal fructooligosaccharide utilization locus determines the ability to utilize long- and short-chain fructooligosaccharides. J Bacteriol. 2013 Mar;195(5):1031-41. doi: 10.1128/JB.01560-12. Epub 2012 Dec 21. |
2013 Mar | degradation | 6 | 1 | GH32 |
| PUL0287 | RT-PCR | unknown polysaccharide | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 23082033 Characterization of the ROK-family transcriptional regulator RokA of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. Microbiology (Reading). 2012 Dec;158(Pt 12):2917-2926. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.062919-0. Epub 2012 Oct 18. |
2012 Dec | degradation | 6 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0302 | RT-qPCR, isothermal titration calorimetry, enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | arabinan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 29255254 Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. Nat Microbiol. 2018 Feb;3(2):210-219. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1. Epub 2017 Dec 18. |
2018 Feb | degradation | 22 | 6 | GH51, GH146, GH43_4, GH43, GH43_4, GH51, GH43_29 |
| PUL0304 | RT-qPCR, isothermal titration calorimetry, enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | galactan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 29255254 Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. Nat Microbiol. 2018 Feb;3(2):210-219. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1. Epub 2017 Dec 18. |
2018 Feb | degradation | 7 | 2 | GH2, GH53 |
| PUL0305 | RT-qPCR, isothermal titration calorimetry, enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | homogalacturonan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 29255254 Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. Nat Microbiol. 2018 Feb;3(2):210-219. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1. Epub 2017 Dec 18. |
2018 Feb | degradation | 17 | 7 | GH105, CE8, CE4, CE8, CE12, PL1_2, PL1, CE8, PL1_2, PL1, CE8, PL1_2, GH28 |
| PUL0306 | RT-qPCR, isothermal titration calorimetry, enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | galactan | Bacteroides ovatus | 29255254 Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. Nat Microbiol. 2018 Feb;3(2):210-219. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1. Epub 2017 Dec 18. |
2018 Feb | degradation | 7 | 3 | GH2, GH53, GH147 |
| PUL0312 | RT-PCR | sucrose | Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | 19139238 Transcriptional regulation and signal-peptide-dependent secretion of exolevanase (LsdB) in the endophyte Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Mar;75(6):1782-5. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01887-08. Epub 2009 Jan 9. |
2009 Mar | degradation | 2 | 2 | GH68, GH32 |
| PUL0313 | microarray, Northern Blot, RT-qPCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, clone and expression, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | alginate | Zobellia galactanivorans | 28983288, 32585009 Gene Expression Analysis of Zobellia galactanivorans during the Degradation of Algal Polysaccharides Reveals both Substrate-Specific and Shared Transcriptome-Wide Responses. Regulation of alginate catabolism involves a GntR family repressor in the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT. Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 21;8:1808. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01808. eCollection 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Aug 20;48(14):7786-7800. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa533. |
2017,2020 Aug 20 | degradation | 3 | 3 | PL6, PL6_1, PL7_5, PL7, PL6, PL6_1 |
| PUL0324 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | capsule polysaccharide | Serratia marcescens | 28536292 Capsule Production and Glucose Metabolism Dictate Fitness during Serratia marcescens Bacteremia. mBio. 2017 May 23;8(3):e00740-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00740-17. |
2017 May 23 | biosynthesis | 17 | 2 | GT4, GT4 |
| PUL0325 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | beta-glucan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 28461332 A Bacteroidetes locus dedicated to fungal 1,6-beta-glucan degradation: Unique substrate conformation drives specificity of the key endo-1,6-beta-glucanase. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 23;292(25):10639-10650. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.787606. Epub 2017 May 1. |
2017 Jun 23 | degradation | 6 | 2 | GH30, GH30_3, GH3 |
| PUL0326 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay, thin layer chromatography | beta-glucan | Bacteroides ovatus | 28461332 A Bacteroidetes locus dedicated to fungal 1,6-beta-glucan degradation: Unique substrate conformation drives specificity of the key endo-1,6-beta-glucanase. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 23;292(25):10639-10650. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.787606. Epub 2017 May 1. |
2017 Jun 23 | degradation | 13 | 2 | GH73 |
| PUL0327 | microarray, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, complementation study | maltodextrin | Enterococcus faecalis | 28455338, 32680872 Enzymes Required for Maltodextrin Catabolism in Enterococcus faecalis Exhibit Novel Activities. Enterococcus faecalis Maltodextrin Gene Regulation by Combined Action of Maltose Gene Regulator MalR and Pleiotropic Regulator CcpA. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Jun 16;83(13):e00038-17. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00038-17. Print 2017 Jul 1. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020 Sep 1;86(18):e01147-20. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01147-20. Print 2020 Sep 1. |
2017 Jul 1,2020 Sep 1 | degradation | 6 | 3 | GH13, CBM34, GH13_20 |
| PUL0342 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | xylan | Prevotella ruminicola | 19304844 Biochemical analysis of a beta-D-xylosidase and a bifunctional xylanase-ferulic acid esterase from a xylanolytic gene cluster in Prevotella ruminicola 23. J Bacteriol. 2009 May;191(10):3328-38. doi: 10.1128/JB.01628-08. Epub 2009 Mar 20. |
2009 May | degradation | 5 | 3 | GH10, CE1, CBM22, GH95, GH3 |
| PUL0343 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay, Western Blot, isothermal titration calorimetry | carboxymethylcellulose, xylan, beta-glucan, lichenan | uncultured bacterium | 28091525 A fibrolytic potential in the human ileum mucosal microbiota revealed by functional metagenomic. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 16;7:40248. doi: 10.1038/srep40248. |
2017 Jan 16 | degradation | 39 | 1 | GH5, GH5_2 |
| PUL0344 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, protein structure characterization | chitin | Flavobacterium johnsoniae | 27933102, 32792608 A polysaccharide utilization locus from Flavobacterium johnsoniae enables conversion of recalcitrant chitin. Structural insights of the enzymes from the chitin utilization locus of Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2016 Nov 28;9:260. doi: 10.1186/s13068-016-0674-z. eCollection 2016. Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 13;10(1):13775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70749-w. |
2016,2020 Aug 13 | degradation | 11 | 3 | GH18, GH20, GH18 |
| PUL0346 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | xylooligosaccharide | uncultured bacterium | 27573446 Functional characterization of a gene locus from an uncultured gut Bacteroides conferring xylo-oligosaccharides utilization to Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 2016 Nov;102(4):579-592. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13480. Epub 2016 Sep 14. |
2016 Nov | degradation | 15 | 5 | GH43, GH43_29, GH43, GH43_12, GH43, GH43_1, GH10, GH16 |
| PUL0347 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, RT-PCR | sorbitol | Bifidobacterium breve | 24581150 Comparative genomics of the Bifidobacterium breve taxon. BMC Genomics. 2014 Mar 1;15(1):170. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-170. |
2014 Mar 1 | degradation | 13 | 1 | CBM48, GH13_11 |
| PUL0360 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | lactose, host glycan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 16968696 Functional genomic and metabolic studies of the adaptations of a prominent adult human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to the suckling period. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 24;281(47):36269-79. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M606509200. Epub 2006 Sep 12. |
2006 Nov 24 | degradation | 6 | 2 | GH2, GH53 |
| PUL0365 | RT-PCR | maltodextrin | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | 17311090 Plant carbohydrate scavenging through tonB-dependent receptors: a feature shared by phytopathogenic and aquatic bacteria. PLoS One. 2007 Feb 21;2(2):e224. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000224. |
2007 Feb 21 | degradation | 8 | 4 | GH13, GH13_2, GH97 |
| PUL0366 | RT-PCR | N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, d-galactosamine | Escherichia coli | 10931310 Pathways for the utilization of N-acetyl-galactosamine and galactosamine in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jul;37(1):125-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01969.x. |
2000 Jul | degradation | 13 | 1 | CE9 |
| PUL0369 | RT-PCR | unsaturated hyaluronate disaccharide, chondroitin disaccharide | Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 | 19416976 Substrate specificity of streptococcal unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolases for sulfated glycosaminoglycan. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 3;284(27):18059-69. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.005660. Epub 2009 May 5. |
2009 Jul 3 | degradation | 11 | 1 | GH88 |
| PUL0370 | RT-PCR | beta-glucoside | Corynebacterium glutamicum | 19628558 Identification of a second beta-glucoside phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system in Corynebacterium glutamicum R. Microbiology (Reading). 2009 Nov;155(Pt 11):3652-3660. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.029496-0. Epub 2009 Jul 23. |
2009 Nov | degradation | 3 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0381 | microarray, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | chitin | Vibrio cholerae | 14983042 The Vibrio cholerae chitin utilization program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2524-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308707101. |
2004 Feb 24 | degradation | 6 | 1 | CBM12, CE4, GH4 |
| PUL0387 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR, GlcNAc phosphorylation assays | N-acetylglucosamine | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | 20081036 Identification and regulation of the N-acetylglucosamine utilization pathway of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. J Bacteriol. 2010 Mar;192(6):1487-97. doi: 10.1128/JB.01418-09. Epub 2010 Jan 15. |
2010 Mar | degradation | 7 | 1 | CE9 |
| PUL0392 | RT-PCR, qPCR | xylan | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 27142817 Xylan degradation by the human gut Bacteroides xylanisolvens XB1A(T) involves two distinct gene clusters that are linked at the transcriptional level. BMC Genomics. 2016 May 4;17:326. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2680-8. |
2016 May 4 | degradation | 8 | 3 | GH67, GH13_14 |
| PUL0396 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | N-acetylglucosamine | Cupriavidus necator | 21478317 Effects of homologous phosphoenolpyruvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system proteins on carbohydrate uptake and poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) accumulation in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jun;77(11):3582-90. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00218-11. Epub 2011 Apr 8. |
2011 Jun | degradation | 7 | 1 | CE9 |
| PUL0397 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | N-acetylglucosamine | Capnocytophaga canimorsus | 21762219 The genome and surface proteome of Capnocytophaga canimorsus reveal a key role of glycan foraging systems in host glycoproteins deglycosylation. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Aug;81(4):1050-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07750.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18. |
2011 Aug | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH18 |
| PUL0398 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | N-acetylglucosamine | Capnocytophaga canimorsus | 21762219 The genome and surface proteome of Capnocytophaga canimorsus reveal a key role of glycan foraging systems in host glycoproteins deglycosylation. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Aug;81(4):1050-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07750.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18. |
2011 Aug | degradation | 9 | 1 | GH2 |
| PUL0430 | RT-PCR, microarray, differential gene expression | O-antigen, exopolysaccharide | Clavibacter michiganensis | 22326627 Analysis of the interaction of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with its host plant tomato by genome-wide expression profiling. J Biotechnol. 2012 Jul 31;160(1-2):42-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.023. Epub 2012 Feb 1. |
2012 Jul 31 | biosynthesis | 13 | 2 | GT4, GT4, GT94 |
| PUL0460 | recombinant protein expression, RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | carrageenan, agar | Paraglaciecola hydrolytica | 29774012 A Novel Enzyme Portfolio for Red Algal Polysaccharide Degradation in the Marine Bacterium Paraglaciecola hydrolytica S66(T) Encoded in a Sizeable Polysaccharide Utilization Locus. Front Microbiol. 2018 May 3;9:839. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00839. eCollection 2018. |
2018 | degradation | 108 | 18 | GH2, GH29, GH63, GH86, CBM6, GH50, GH86, GH50, GH117, GH50, GH16, GH50, CE1, GH16, GH127, GH16, GH82, GH16, GH16, GH16 |
| PUL0475 | clone and expression, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | cellobiose, cellotriose | Streptomyces reticuli | 10347054 Characterization of the binding protein-dependent cellobiose and cellotriose transport system of the cellulose degrader Streptomyces reticuli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jun;65(6):2636-43. doi: 10.1128/AEM.65.6.2636-2643.1999. |
1999 Jun | degradation | 7 | 1 | GH18, CBM2 |
| PUL0486 | RT-PCR, sugar utilization assay | raffinose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 10613841 Regulation of the alpha-galactosidase activity in Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of the raffinose utilization system. Genome Res. 1999 Dec;9(12):1189-97. doi: 10.1101/gr.9.12.1189. |
1999 Dec | degradation | 8 | 2 | GH13, GH13_18, GH36 |
| PUL0519 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | maltose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 8244973 Characterization of the Streptococcus pneumoniae maltosaccharide regulator MalR, a member of the LacI-GalR family of repressors displaying distinctive genetic features. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25402-8. |
1993 Dec 5 | degradation | 7 | 2 | GT35, GH77 |
| PUL0553 | RT-PCR, qPCR | xylan | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | 27142817 Xylan degradation by the human gut Bacteroides xylanisolvens XB1A(T) involves two distinct gene clusters that are linked at the transcriptional level. BMC Genomics. 2016 May 4;17:326. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2680-8. |
2016 May 4 | degradation | 21 | 13 | GH43_10, GH43, CBM6, GH3, GH43, GH43_12, GH31, GH97, CBM66, CBM6, GH43, GH43_29, GH43, GH43_12, CBM4, CBM0, GH10, GH5_21, CE1, CE6, CBM6, GH43_29, GH95, GH115 |
| PUL0555 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR, microarray, enzyme activity assay | N-glycan | Bacteroides fragilis | 25139987 Efficient utilization of complex N-linked glycans is a selective advantage for Bacteroides fragilis in extraintestinal infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 2;111(35):12901-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1407344111. Epub 2014 Aug 19. |
2014 Sep 2 | degradation | 9 | 5 | GH154, GH2, GH20, GH88, PL0, PL33_1 |
| PUL0556 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, qRT-PCR, microarray, enzyme activity assay | N-glycan | Bacteroides fragilis | 25139987 Efficient utilization of complex N-linked glycans is a selective advantage for Bacteroides fragilis in extraintestinal infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 2;111(35):12901-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1407344111. Epub 2014 Aug 19. |
2014 Sep 2 | degradation | 7 | 1 | GH18 |
| PUL0557 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay | alpha-mannan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 25567280 Human gut Bacteroidetes can utilize yeast mannan through a selfish mechanism. Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):165-169. doi: 10.1038/nature13995. |
2015 Jan 8 | degradation | 13 | 6 | GH97, GH67, GH76, GH92, GH76, GH125 |
| PUL0558 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, growth assay, enzyme activity assay | rhamnogalacturonan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 28329766 Complex pectin metabolism by gut bacteria reveals novel catalytic functions. Nature. 2017 Apr 6;544(7648):65-70. doi: 10.1038/nature21725. Epub 2017 Mar 22. |
2017 Apr 6 | degradation | 50 | 20 | GH2, GH139, GH106, GH2, GH2, GH2, CBM57, GH137, GH138, GH78, GH141, GH127, GH95, GH105, GH140, CBM67, GH33, GH78, GH28, CBM67, GH78, GH142, GH143, GH43_18, GH43, CE8, PL1_2, PL1 |
| PUL0559 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, growth assay, enzyme activity assay | rhamnogalacturonan | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 28329766 Complex pectin metabolism by gut bacteria reveals novel catalytic functions. Nature. 2017 Apr 6;544(7648):65-70. doi: 10.1038/nature21725. Epub 2017 Mar 22. |
2017 Apr 6 | degradation | 12 | 5 | CBM32, GH43_34, GH43_10, GH97, GH29 |
| PUL0573 | enzyme activity assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR | cellobiose, cellulose, cellooligosaccharide | Streptomyces griseus | 19648249 CebR as a master regulator for cellulose/cellooligosaccharide catabolism affects morphological development in Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol. 2009 Oct;191(19):5930-40. doi: 10.1128/JB.00703-09. Epub 2009 Jul 31. |
2009 Oct | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0575 | microarray, growth assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | raffinose | Enterococcus faecium | 20946531 A genetic element present on megaplasmids allows Enterococcus faecium to use raffinose as carbon source. Environ Microbiol. 2011 Feb;13(2):518-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02355.x. Epub 2010 Oct 15. |
2011 Feb | degradation | 11 | 2 | GH13, GH13_18, GH13_31, GH13, GH36, GH4 |
| PUL0582 | NMR, microarray, enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | lactose | Lactococcus lactis | 22660716 A specific mutation in the promoter region of the silent cel cluster accounts for the appearance of lactose-utilizing Lactococcus lactis MG1363. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Aug;78(16):5612-21. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00455-12. Epub 2012 Jun 1. |
2012 Aug | degradation | 5 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0583 | enzyme activity assay, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | cellobiose | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 8407820 Cloning and sequencing of a cellobiose phosphotransferase system operon from Bacillus stearothermophilus XL-65-6 and functional expression in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1993 Oct;175(20):6441-50. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.20.6441-6450.1993. |
1993 Oct | degradation | 5 | 1 | CE0 |
| PUL0585 | microarray, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, beta-galactosidase assays | cellobiose | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 21778207 CelR-mediated activation of the cellobiose-utilization gene cluster in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiology (Reading). 2011 Oct;157(Pt 10):2854-2861. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.051359-0. Epub 2011 Jul 21. |
2011 Oct | degradation | 7 | 1 | GH1 |
| PUL0587 | RT-PCR, enzyme activity assay | levan, inulin, fructan | Prevotella intermedia | 23266804 Identification and functional analysis of the gene cluster for fructan utilization in Prevotella intermedia. Gene. 2013 Feb 25;515(2):291-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.023. Epub 2012 Dec 22. |
2013 Feb 25 | degradation | 3 | 1 | GH32 |
| PUL0588 | enzyme activity assay, RT-PCR | chitin | Streptomyces coelicolor | 23278377 Enzymatic and genetic characterization of the DasD protein possessing N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2013 Mar;340(1):33-40. doi: 10.1111/1574-6968.12069. Epub 2013 Jan 16. |
2013 Mar | degradation | 4 | 1 | GH3 |
| PUL0590 | qRT-PCR, gene deletion mutant and growth assay, microarray | maltose, maltodextrin | Enterococcus faecium | 23951303 A LacI-family regulator activates maltodextrin metabolism of Enterococcus faecium. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8):e72285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072285. eCollection 2013. |
2013 | degradation | 5 | 1 | CBM34, GH13_20 |
| PUL0605 | RT-PCR, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | glycogen | Escherichia coli | 33101261, 21029047 Glycogen Metabolism Impairment via Single Gene Mutation in the glgBXCAP Operon Alters the Survival Rate of Escherichia coli Under Various Environmental Stresses. Escherichia coli glycogen genes are organized in a single glgBXCAP transcriptional unit possessing an alternative suboperonic promoter within glgC that directs glgAP expression. Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 25;11:588099. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588099. eCollection 2020. Biochem J. 2011 Jan 1;433(1):107-17. doi: 10.1042/BJ20101186. |
2020,2011 Jan 1 | biosynthesis | 5 | 4 | GT35, GT5, GH13, GH13_11, CBM48, GH77, GH13, GH13_9, CBM48 |
| PUL0650 | enzyme activity assay, high performance anion exchange chromatography, recombinant protein expression, NMR, gene deletion mutant and growth assay | arabinogalactan | Bifidobacterium longum JCM 7052 | 33674431 Novel 3-O-alpha-d-Galactosyl-alpha-l-Arabinofuranosidase for the Assimilation of Gum Arabic Arabinogalactan Protein in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Apr 27;87(10):e02690-20. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02690-20. Print 2021 Apr 27. |
2021 Apr 27 | degradation | 7 | 2 | GH36, GH39, CBM35 |
| PUL0653 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, complementation study, enzyme activity assay, RNA-Seq, electrophoretic mobility shift assay | agar | Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) | 33889146 LacI-Family Transcriptional Regulator DagR Acts as a Repressor of the Agarolytic Pathway Genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 6;12:658657. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658657. eCollection 2021. |
2021 | degradation | 17 | 4 | GH16_16, 3.2.1.81, CBM67, GH2, GH117, 3.2.1.81, GH50 |
| PUL0656 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, complementation study, clone and expression, isothermal titration calorimetry | exopolysaccharide | Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 | 32236137 Discovery and characterization of a Gram-positive Pel polysaccharide biosynthetic gene cluster. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Apr 1;16(4):e1008281. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008281. eCollection 2020 Apr. |
2020 Apr | biosynthesis | 6 | 2 | GH0, GH166, GT4 |
| PUL0671 | gene deletion mutant and growth assay, enzyme activity assay, Western blot, qPCR | cellulose | Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406 | 34731049 A Type IX Secretion System Substrate Involved in Crystalline Cellulose Degradation by Affecting Crucial Cellulose Binding Proteins in Cytophaga hutchinsonii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2022 Jan 25;88(2):e0183721. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01837-21. Epub 2021 Nov 3. |
2022 Jan 25 | degradation | 6 | 0 | NA |
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