pullulanase, extracellular, Gram-positive. Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. In contrast, a glycogen debranching enzyme such GlgX, homologous to this family, can release glucose at alpha,1-6 linkages from glycogen first subjected to limit degradation by phosphorylase. Characterized members of this family include a surface-located pullulanase from Streptococcus pneumoniae (PMID:11083842) and an extracellular bifunctional amylase/pullulanase with C-terminal pullulanase activity (PMID:8798645).

alpha-1,6-glucosidases, pullulanase-type. Members of this protein family include secreted (or membrane-anchored) pullulanases of Gram-negative bacteria and pullulanase-type starch debranching enzymes of plants. Both enzymes hydrolyze alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages. Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. This family is closely homologous to, but architecturally different from, the Gram-positive pullulanases of Gram-positive bacteria (TIGR02102) [Energy metabolism, Biosynthesis and degradation of polysaccharides].

Bacterial pullanase-associated domain. Domain is found in pullanase - carbohydrate de-branching - proteins. It is found both to the N or the C terminii of of the alpha-amylase active site region. This domain contains several conserved aromatic residues that are suggestive of a carbohydrate binding function.

Family 41 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from pullulanase-like enzymes. Pullulanases (EC 3.2.1.41) are a group of starch-debranching enzymes, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages of alpha-glucans, preferentially pullulan. Pullulan is a polysaccharide in which alpha-1,4 linked maltotriosyl units are combined via an alpha-1,6 linkage. These enzymes are of importance in the starch industry, where they are used to hydrolyze amylopectin starch. Pullulanases consist of multiple distinct domains, including a catalytic domain belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM), including CBM41.

alpha-amylase/limit dextrinase