Starch binding domain.

N-terminal Early set domain associated with the catalytic domain of Glycogen debranching enzyme and bacterial isoamylase (also called glycogen 6-glucanohydrolase). E or "early" set domains are associated with the catalytic domain of the glycogen debranching enzyme at the N-terminal end. Glycogen debranching enzymes have both 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activities. As a transferase, it transfers a segment of the 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or another 1,4-alpha-D-glucan. As a glucosidase, it catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucoside linkages at points of branching in chains of 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues. Bacterial isoamylases are also included in this subfamily. Isoamylase is one of the starch-debranching enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages specific in alpha-glucans such as amylopectin or glycogen. Isoamylase contains a bound calcium ion, but this is not in the same position as the conserved calcium ion that has been reported in other alpha-amylase family enzymes. The N-terminal domain of glycogen debranching enzyme may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase, among others.

Early set domain associated with the catalytic domain of pullulanase-like proteins. E or "early" set domains are associated with the catalytic domain of pullulanase at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end, and in a few instances at both ends. Pullulanase (also called dextrinase or alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha glucosidase) is an enzyme with action similar to that of isoamylase; it cleaves 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in pullulan, amylopectin, and glycogen, and in alpha-and beta-amylase limit-dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen. The E set domain of pullulanase may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase. This domain is also a member of the CBM48 (Carbohydrate Binding Module 48) family whose members include maltooligosyl trehalose synthase, starch branching enzyme, glycogen branching enzyme, glycogen debranching enzyme, isoamylase, and the beta subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.

Starch binding domain.

The family 20 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM20), also known as the starch-binding domain, is found in a large number of starch degrading enzymes including alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, and CGTase (cyclodextrin glucanotransferase). CBM20 is also present in proteins that have a regulatory role in starch metabolism in plants (e.g. alpha-amylase) or glycogen metabolism in mammals (e.g. laforin). CBM20 folds as an antiparallel beta-barrel structure with two starch binding sites. These two sites are thought to differ functionally with site 1 acting as the initial starch recognition site and site 2 involved in the specific recognition of appropriate regions of starch.