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human milk polysaccharide
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Human milk polysaccharide (HMPs) are multifunctional glycans which are natural constituents of human milk, and are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids. They are a structurally and biologically diverse group of complex indigestible sugars. HMOs are made of five basic monosaccharides: glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), N-ethylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose (Fuc) and sialic acid (SA). Almost all HMOs contain lactose (Gal-B1, 4-Glc) at the reducing end, which can be extended with lacto-N-biose I (Gal-b1, 3GlcNAc) or lactosamine (Gal-b1, 4-GlcNAc). They act as prebiotics through the promotion of growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Thus leading to the generation of short-chain fatty acids which are vital for a healthy gut. They are also known to directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses and can reduce binding of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to the gut epithelium selectivley thereby preventing the emergence of a disease.
References
Smilowitz, J. T., Lebrilla, C. B., Mills, D. A., German, J. B., & Freeman, S. L. (2014). Breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate. Annual review of nutrition, 34, 143–169. Click here to redirect detail information.
Wiciński, M., Sawicka, E., Gębalski, J., Kubiak, K., & Malinowski, B. (2020). Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Health Benefits, Potential Applications in Infant Formulas, and Pharmacology. Nutrients, 12(1), 266. Click here to redirect detail information.
Walsh, C., Lane, J. A., van Sinderen, D., & Hickey, R. M. (2020). Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health. Journal of functional foods, 72, 104074. Click here to redirect detail information.
CAZyme Gene Cluster:
| Substrate | Genome_ID | CGC_ID | CGC_Content | Species Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000193 | MGYG000000193_41|CGC1 |
PL33|PL33_2|PL0,null,null,GH112,GH112,GH136|3.2.1.140,null,3.A.1.1.4,3.A.1.1.4,3.A.1.1.4
|
KLE1615 sp900066985 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000213 | MGYG000000213_49|CGC1 |
GH112,GH112,null,2.A.66.1.28,9.B.34.1.4
|
Blautia_A sp003477525 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000223 | MGYG000000223_1|CGC4 |
GH112,null,3.A.1.1.18,3.A.1.1.25,3.A.1.1.18,GH112,null,3.A.1.1.26,MerR,null,2.A.66.1.7
|
NSJ-61 sp003433845 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000240 | MGYG000000240_6|CGC1 |
GH112,null,null,3.A.1.1.18,3.A.1.1.18,GH112,3.A.1.1.26
|
Amedibacterium intestinale |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000453 | MGYG000000453_1|CGC5 |
2.A.78.1.1,2.A.78.1.1,GH112,GH136,null,2.A.22.5.3,null,2.A.25.1.5,1.A.26.1.2
|
Eubacterium_R sp900539775 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000000775 | MGYG000000775_4|CGC1 |
3.A.1.1.48,3.A.1.1.48,3.A.1.1.48,null,GH112
|
Bifidobacterium sp900551485 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000001356 | MGYG000001356_1|CGC4 |
3.A.1.135.5,3.A.1.135.5,HTH_AraC+HTH_AraC,null,CBM32|GH136,GH136,2.A.115.2.14,PadR,null,9.A.40.2.1
|
Lawsonibacter sp000177015 |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000002286 | MGYG000002286_4|CGC5 |
GH136,null,3.A.1.1.4,3.A.1.1.4,3.A.1.1.4,GH112,HTH_AraC+HTH_AraC,HTH_AraC+HTH_AraC,GH136
|
Blautia stercoris |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000002288 | MGYG000002288_8|CGC1 |
GH112,GH112,3.A.1.1.18,3.A.1.1.21
|
Bacillus_A luti |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000002473 | MGYG000002473_104|CGC1 |
GH39,GH151,null,GH151,GH156,2.A.66.1.37,9.B.146.1.3,2.A.23.1.4
|
Victivallis vadensis |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000003069 | MGYG000003069_5|CGC1 |
GH136,3.A.1.1.48,3.A.1.1.48,3.A.1.1.48,GH112
|
Bifidobacterium gallinarum |
| human milk polysaccharide | MGYG000004099 | MGYG000004099_5|CGC3 |
1.A.26.1.2,2.A.25.1.5,null,2.A.22.5.3,null,GH136,GH112,2.A.78.1.1,2.A.78.1.1
|
Eubacterium_R sp000433975 |