| AD families | AD genes | Defense system | CLAN ID | Phages/MGEs | References | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APIS013 | Dmd | toxin-antitoxin (TA) | CLAN012 | T4 of E. coli | PMID:22403819 | T4 produces Dmd, an antitoxin that inhibits E. coli RnlA and LsoA toxins. Dmd differs from the RnlB or LsoB antitoxins, suggesting it evolved independently, which is highlighted by its different toxin neutralization mechanism. |