| APIS genes | APIS families | Immune system | CLAN ID | Phages/MGEs | References | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abc1 | APIS006 | RecBCD | CLAN005 | Salmonella phage S149 | Silas et al., 2023 | Trigger programmed cell death (PCD) by P4 prophage. |
| Abc2 | APIS020 | RecBCD | CLAN019 | Salmonella phage P22 | PMID:10669596 36533901 | Bacteriophage P22 Abc2 protein binds to the RecBCD enzyme from E. coli to promote phage growth and recombination; the RecBCD-Abc2 structure shows that Abc2 binds to the Chi-recognition domains of the RecC subunit in a position that might enable it to mediate the loading of phage recombinases onto its single-stranded DNA products. |
| Acb1 | APIS016 | cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) | CLAN015 | T4 of E. coli | PMID:35395152 | Acb1 rapidly degrades the CBASS signals 3′3′-cGAMP, cUA and cAAA, but does not cleave cGG. |
| Acb2 | APIS004 | cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) | CLAN002 | PaMx33 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PMID:36750095 | Anti-CBASS protein ("Acb2") that forms a hexamer with three 3',3'-cGAMP molecules and reduces phospholipase activity. |
| adfA | APIS022 | toxin-antitoxin (TA) | CLAN021 | RB69 of E. coli | PMID:35725776 | Gene adfA(gp61.2) is encoded as a DarT (TA system) inhibitor. |
| AdfN | APIS195 | toxin-antitoxin (TA) | CLAN065 | Escherichia phage T4 | PMID:39026772 | Anti-DarT factor NADAR (AdfN), removes ADP-ribose modifications from phage DNA during infection thereby enabling replication in DarTG1-containing bacteria. AdfN, like DarG1, is in the NADAR superfamily of ADP-ribosylglycohydrolases. |
| ADG.17 | ADG.17 | toxin-antitoxin (TA) | CLAN067 | Sulfolobus monocaudavirus SMV1 | PMID:38698035 | ADG.17 and its homologs in archaea viruses act as antitoxins to inhibit host toxin Doc. It's the first example of an inhibitor of an archaeal toxin-antitoxin immune system. |
| Alt | APIS017 | toxin-antitoxin (TA) | CLAN016 | T4 of E. coli | PMID:26395283 | T4 protein Alt (an ADP-ribosyltransferase) is injected with phage DNA, which chemically modifies the MazF toxin. ADP-ribosylated MazF has reduced cleavage activity, enabling the survival of the phage. |
| antiDnd_p0020 | APIS113 | Dnd | CLAN048 | Vibrio phage 44E38.1 | PMID:35760840 | Two genes (p0020 and p0021) provide resistance to the Dnd system (anti-Dnd), p0020 encodes a protein with a phosphoadenosine phosphosulphate reductase (PAPS) domain and a DNA N-6-adenine-methyltransferase (Dam) domain. |
| antiDnd_p0021 | APIS153 | Dnd | CLAN059 | Vibrio phage 44E38.1 | PMID:35760840 | Two genes (p0020 and p0021) provide resistance to the Dnd system (anti-Dnd), p0021 encodes a protein of unknown function. |