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Cite: NAR/gkaa742 2020



PUL General Information

Literature Information

PUL ID

PUL0206

PubMed

25736888, mBio. 2015 Mar 3;6(2):e02507. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02507-14.

Characterization method

gene deletion mutant and growth assay

Genomic accession number

CP002113.1

Nucelotide position range

1883302-1899913

Substrate

mucin

Loci

Ccan_17420-Ccan_17490

Species

Capnocytophaga canimorsus/28188

Degradation or Biosynthesis

degradation

Gene Name

Locus Tag

Protein ID

Gene Position

GenBank Contig Range

EC Number

- Ccan_17420 AEK23858.1 0 - 2100 (-) CP002113.1:1883302-1885402 3.4.15.5
- Ccan_17430 AEK23859.1 2290 - 5131 (-) CP002113.1:1885592-1888433 -
- Ccan_17440 AEK23860.1 5169 - 6492 (-) CP002113.1:1888471-1889794 -
- Ccan_17450 AEK23861.1 6515 - 8003 (-) CP002113.1:1889817-1891305 -
- Ccan_17460 AEK23862.1 8037 - 8430 (-) CP002113.1:1891339-1891732 -
- Ccan_17470 AEK23863.1 8442 - 11601 (-) CP002113.1:1891744-1894903 -
- Ccan_17480 AEK23864.1 11941 - 15073 (-) CP002113.1:1895243-1898375 3.2.1.23
- Ccan_17490 AEK23865.1 15076 - 16612 (-) CP002113.1:1898378-1899914 3.1.6.1

Cluster number

1

Gene name

Gene position

Gene type

Found by CGCFinder?

- 1 - 2100 (-) CDS No
- 2291 - 5131 (-) CDS No
- 5170 - 6492 (-) CDS No
- 6516 - 8003 (-) CDS No
- 8038 - 8430 (-) CDS No
- 8443 - 11601 (-) TC: gnl|TC-DB|Q45780|1.B.14.6.1 Yes
- 11942 - 15073 (-) CAZyme: GH2 Yes
- 15077 - 16612 (-) CDS No

PUL ID

PUL0206

PubMed

25736888, mBio. 2015 Mar 3;6(2):e02507. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02507-14.

Title

Glycan-foraging systems reveal the adaptation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus to the dog mouth.

Author

Renzi F, Manfredi P, Dol M, Fu J, Vincent S, Cornelis GR

Abstract

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is known to form two kinds of cells on blood agar plates (coccoid and bacillary), evoking phase variation. When grown in coculture with animal cells these bacteria appeared only as bacilli, but in the presence of vancomycin they were round, indicating that coccoid shapes likely result from weakening of the peptidoglycan layer. Polysaccharide utilization locus 5 (PUL5) and sialidase mutant bacteria, unable to retrieve glycans from glycoproteins, grew less than wild-type bacteria and also appeared polymorphic unless GlcNAc was added, suggesting that C. canimorsus is unable to synthesize GlcNAc, an essential component of peptidoglycan. Accordingly, a genome analysis was conducted and revealed that C. canimorsus strain 5 lacks the GlmM and GlmU enzymes, which convert glucosamine into GlcNAc. Expression of the Escherichia coli GlmM together with the acetyltransferase domain of GlmU allowed PUL5 mutant bacteria to grow normally, indicating that C. canimorsus is a natural auxotroph that relies on GlcNAc harvested from the host N-glycoproteins for peptidoglycan synthesis. Mucin, a heavily O-glycosylated protein abundant in saliva, also rescued growth and the shape of PUL5 mutant bacteria. Utilization of mucin was found to depend on Muc, a Sus-like system encoded by PUL9. Contrary to all known PUL-encoded systems, Muc cleaves peptide bonds of mucin rather than glycosidic linkages. Thus, C. canimorsus has adapted to build its peptidoglycan from the glycan-rich dog's mouth glycoproteins. IMPORTANCE: Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterium that lives as a commensal in the dog mouth and causes severe infections in humans. In vitro, it forms two kinds of cells (coccoid and bacillary), evoking phase variation. Here, we show that cell rounding likely results from weakening of the peptidoglycan layer due to a shortage of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). C. canimorsus cannot synthesize GlcNAc because of the lack of key enzymes. In its niche, the dog mouth, C. canimorsus retrieves GlcNAc by foraging glycans from salivary mucin and N-linked glycoproteins through two different apparatuses, Muc and Gpd, both of which are related to the Bacteroides starch utilization system. The Muc system is peculiar in the sense that the enzyme of the complex is a protease and not a glycosylhydrolase, as it cleaves peptide bonds in order to capture glycan chains. This study provides a molecular genetic demonstration for the complex adaptation of C. canimorsus to its ecological niche, the oral cavity of dogs.