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Cite: NAR/gkaa742 2020



PUL General Information

Literature Information

PUL ID

PUL0237

PubMed

24493568, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 May;98(9):4137-48. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5529-6. Epub 2014 Feb 4.

Characterization method

gene deletion mutant and growth assay

Genomic accession number

JX112360

Nucelotide position range

50-15402

Substrate

exopolysaccharide

Loci

AFP55600.1-AFP55610.1

Species

Pseudomonas alkylphenolica/237609

Degradation or Biosynthesis

biosynthesis

Gene Name

Locus Tag

Protein ID

Gene Position

GenBank Contig Range

EC Number

- - AFP55611.1 50 - 458 (-) JX112360.1:100-508 -
epmD - AFP55600.1 1112 - 2420 (+) JX112360.1:1162-2470 -
epm8 - AFP55601.1 2576 - 4100 (+) JX112360.1:2626-4150 -
emp44 - AFP55602.1 4115 - 5279 (+) JX112360.1:4165-5329 -
epmK - AFP55603.1 5299 - 6751 (+) JX112360.1:5349-6801 -
epmE - AFP55604.2 6747 - 8205 (+) JX112360.1:6797-8255 -
epmI - AFP55605.1 8219 - 9647 (+) JX112360.1:8269-9697 -
epmJ - AFP55606.1 9656 - 10751 (+) JX112360.1:9706-10801 -
epmF - AFP55607.1 10770 - 11415 (+) JX112360.1:10820-11465 -
epmX - AFP55608.1 11423 - 12818 (+) JX112360.1:11473-12868 -
epmL - AFP55609.1 12808 - 13924 (+) JX112360.1:12858-13974 -
epmG - AFP55610.1 13941 - 15402 (+) JX112360.1:13991-15452 -

Cluster number

1

Gene name

Gene position

Gene type

Found by CGCFinder?

- 51 - 458 (-) TF: DBD-Pfam|HTH_3,DBD-SUPERFAMILY|0043707 No
- 1113 - 2420 (+) CDS No
- 2577 - 4100 (+) TC: gnl|TC-DB|Q52463|4.D.1.1.9 Yes
- 4116 - 5279 (+) other Yes
- 5300 - 6751 (+) other Yes
- 6748 - 8205 (+) other Yes
- 8220 - 9647 (+) TC: gnl|TC-DB|P39580|2.A.50.2.1 Yes
- 9657 - 10751 (+) other Yes
- 10771 - 11415 (+) other Yes
- 11424 - 12818 (+) other Yes
- 12809 - 13924 (+) CAZyme: PL5 Yes
- 13942 - 15402 (+) CDS No

PUL ID

PUL0237

PubMed

24493568, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 May;98(9):4137-48. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5529-6. Epub 2014 Feb 4.

Title

An alginate-like exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster involved in biofilm aerial structure formation by Pseudomonas alkylphenolia.

Author

Lee K, Lim EJ, Kim KS, Huang SL, Veeranagouda Y, Rehm BH

Abstract

Pseudomonas alkylphenolia is known to form different types of multicellular structures depending on the environmental stimuli. Aerial structures formed during vapor p-cresol utilization are unique. Transposon mutants that showed a smooth colony phenotype failed to form a differentiated biofilm, including aerial structures and pellicles, and showed deficient surface spreading motility. The transposon insertion sites were located to a gene cluster designated epm (extracellular polymer matrix), which comprises 11 ORFs in the same transcriptional orientation. The putative proteins encoded by the genes in the epm cluster showed amino acid sequence homology to those found in the alginate biosynthesis gene clusters, e.g., in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at similarity levels of 32.3-86.4 %. This overall resemblance indicated that the epm gene cluster encodes proteins that mediate the synthesis of an exopolysaccharide composed of uronic acid(s) similar to alginate. Our preliminary results suggested that the epm-derived polymer is a substituted polymannuronic acid. Gene clusters homologous to the epm gene cluster are found in the genomes of a few species of the genera Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax, and Marinobacter. A mutational analysis showed that the epmJ and epmG genes encoding putative exopolysaccharide-modifying enzymes are required to form multicellular structures. An analysis of the activity of the promoter P epmD using a transcriptional fusion to the green fluorescence protein gene showed that the epm genes are strongly expressed at the tips of the specialized aerial structures. Our results suggested that the epm gene cluster is involved in the formation of a scaffold polysaccharide that is required to form multicellular structures in P. alkylphenolia.