| AD families | AD genes | Defense system | CLAN ID | Phages/MGEs | References | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APIS019 | gnarl2 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN035 | Escherichia phage Mu | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |
| APIS034 | gnarl1 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN036 | Klebsiella phage vB_KpnM_KpV79 | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |
| APIS036 | gnarl3 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN034 | Escherichia phage Mangalitsa | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |