| AD families | AD genes | Defense system | CLAN ID | Phages/MGEs | References | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APIS019 | gnarl2 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN018 | Escherichia phage Mu | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |
| APIS034 | gnarl1 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN031 | Klebsiella phage vB_KpnM_KpV79 | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |
| APIS036 | gnarl3 | O-antigen-based barrier | CLAN033 | Escherichia phage Mangalitsa | Silas et al., 2023 | Putative O-antigen modifiers, interfere with O-antigen biosynthesis. |